奮鬥

See also: 奋斗, 奮鬪, and 奮闘

Chinese edit

		exert oneself	fight; contend; incite fight; contend; incite; meet; encounter
trad. (奮鬥)		奮	鬥
simp. (奋斗)		奋	斗

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fèndòu

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄉㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁵ dau³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fun-teu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hùn-tàu / hùn-tò͘ / hùn-tiò

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung³ dou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèndòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄉㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fèndòu
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tou⁴
  - Yale: fèn-dòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenndow
  - Palladius: фэньдоу (fɛnʹdou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹⁻⁵³ toʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan⁵ dau³
  - Yale: fáhn dau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁵ dau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁵ deo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn¹³ tɐu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun-teu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun deu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴ deu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵ teu̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-tàu
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-tàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huondaux
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ tau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ tau¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-tò͘
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-tòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huondox
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-tiò
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-tiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huondioix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tio⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung³ dou³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng tòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou²¹³/

Verb edit

奮鬥

(literally, figuratively) to struggle; to fight; to strive
奮鬥目標／奋斗目标 ― fèndòu mùbiāo ― goal of a struggle

為理想而奮鬥／为理想而奋斗 ― wèi lǐxiǎng ér fèndòu ― to fight for one's dreams
- 何況中國是在同一個深入國土的帝國主義奮鬥，沒有蘇聯幫助，就休想最後勝利。 [MSC, trad.]
  何况中国是在同一个深入国土的帝国主义奋斗，没有苏联帮助，就休想最后胜利。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Hékuàng Zhōngguó shì zài tóng yīge shēnrù guótǔ de dìguózhǔyì fèndòu, méiyǒu Sūlián bāngzhù, jiù xiūxiǎng zuìhòu shènglì. [Pinyin]
  Especially is this true of China which, fighting an imperialist power that has penetrated deep into her territory, cannot conceive of ultimate victory without the assistance of the Soviet Union.

Synonyms edit

鬥爭／斗争 (dòuzhēng)
爭鬥／争斗 (zhēngdòu)

Derived terms edit

奮鬥不懈／奋斗不懈
艱苦奮鬥／艰苦奋斗 (jiānkǔfèndòu)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (奮鬥):

→ Vietnamese: phấn đấu (奮鬥)

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
奮	鬥

Verb edit

奮鬥

chữ Hán form of phấn đấu (“to struggle”).