怡

怡 U+6021, 怡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6021 ← 怠 [U+6020] CJK Unified Ideographs 怢 → [U+6022]

Translingual

Han character

怡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口 (PIR), four-corner 9306₀, composition ⿰忄台)

Derived characters

• 𦲀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10470
• Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6021

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yí (yi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yi²

• Eastern Min (BUC): ì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): î

  (Teochew, Peng'im): i⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yí
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yí
    • Wade–Giles: i²
    • Yale: yí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji⁴
    • Yale: yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: i⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: î
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yi
    • MiniDict: yi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yi

Rime
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與之切
Baxter	yi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ/
Li Rong	/iə/
Wang Li	/jĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ yi ›
Old Chinese	/*lə/
English	cheerful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
No.	12292
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	飴
Old Chinese	/*lɯ/

Definitions

怡

1. amiable and cheerful
2. cheerful; happy; joyous

Compounds

• 下氣怡色／下气怡色
• 不怡
• 心怡神悅／心怡神悦
• 心怡神曠／心怡神旷
• 心曠神怡／心旷神怡 (xīnkuàngshényí)
• 心蕩神怡／心荡神怡
• 怡堂燕雀
• 怡怡
• 怡悅／怡悦 (yíyuè)
• 怡情悅性／怡情悦性
• 怡情理性
• 怡情養性／怡情养性
• 怡然 (yírán)
• 怡然自娛／怡然自娱
• 怡然自得 (yíránzìdé)
• 怡然自悅／怡然自悦
• 怡然自樂／怡然自乐
• 怡然自足
• 怡聲／怡声
• 怡聲下氣／怡声下气
• 怡色
• 怡顏／怡颜
• 怡顏悅色／怡颜悦色
• 熙怡
• 神怡心曠／神怡心旷
• 神怡心醉
• 神色怡然
• 言笑嘻怡
• 養怡／养怡

 

References

• “Query for 怡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

怡

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: い (i)
• Kan-on: い (i)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 怡ぶ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
怡
い Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 怡 (MC yi).

Affix

怡(い) • (i) 

1. rejoice; enjoy

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 怡(い)怡(い) (ī)
• 怡(い)悦(えつ) (ietsu)
• 怡(い)然(ぜん) (izen)

Korean

Hanja

怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

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Vietnamese

Han character

怡: Hán Nôm readings: di

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