胎

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

胎 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月戈口 (BIR), four-corner 7326₀, composition ⿰⺼台)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 978, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29369
Dae Jaweon: page 1429, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2065, character 6
Unihan data for U+80CE

ChineseEdit

trad.		胎
simp. ^#		胎
alternative forms		孡

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	l̥ʰɯː, l'ɯː, l'ɯː, lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	l̥ʰɯː, lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	l'ɯː, l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	l'ɯː, l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	l'ɯːʔ, lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	lɯːʔ, l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	l̥ʰɯ, hljɯ
眙	l̥ʰɯs, lɯ
治	l'ɯ, l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰɯː): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tāi (tai¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): toi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thôi
Min Bei (KCR): tái
Min Dong (BUC): tăi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): thai / ther / the

(Teochew, Peng'im): to¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tai
  - Wade–Giles: tʻai¹
  - Yale: tāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tai
  - Palladius: тай (taj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: toi¹
  - Yale: tōi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: toi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: toi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: toi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰoi̯²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thai
  - Tâi-lô: thai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tay
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tʰai⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ther
  - Tâi-lô: ther
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: the
  - Tâi-lô: the
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰe⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /tʰe³³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tʰiei⁵⁵/

Note:

thai - literary;
ther/the - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: to¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tho
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo³³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰʌi/

Rime
Character	胎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	土來切
Baxter	thoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰəi/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəj/
Li Rong	/tʰᴀi/
Wang Li	/tʰɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	toi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤə/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	胎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tāi
Middle Chinese	‹ thoj ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁə/
English	fetus
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.