| to reach | sky | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (戾天) | 戾 | 天 | |
| simp. #(戾天) | 戾 | 天 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 戾 | 戾 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 先 (87) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎計切 | 練結切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | lejH | let | then |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/leiH/ | /let̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/leiH/ | /let̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɛiH/ | /lɛt̚/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛjH/ | /lɛt̚/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong |
/leiH/ | /let̚/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li |
/lieiH/ | /liet̚/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lieiH/ | /liet̚/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lì | liè | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
lai6 | lit6 | tin1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 戾 | 天 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lì | tiān | xiān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lejH › | ‹ then › | ‹ xen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˁe[t]-s/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) |
| English | transgress | heaven | heaven |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 戾 | 戾 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7942 | 7950 | 12387 |
| Phonetic component |
戾 | 戾 | 天 |
| Rime group |
隊 | 物 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
麗 | 𥸸 | 天 |
| Old Chinese |
/*rɯːds/ | /*rɯːd/ | /*qʰl'iːn/ |
戾天