朁

朁 U+6701, 朁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6701 ← 最 [U+6700] CJK Unified Ideographs 朂 → [U+6702]

Translingual

Han character

朁 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一山日 (MUA), four-corner 1160₁, composition ⿱兓曰)

Derived characters

• 僭 噆 㣅 憯 撍 橬 潛 熸 㻸 䁮 䃡 䅾 糣 䍼 䐶 譖(谮) 䤐 鐕 䭙 㔆 䣟 䫬 㿊 蠶 嶜 簪
• 𡡖 𣩳 𥎑 𧝆 𨅔 𨼐 𩻛(𱈔) 𪖼 𪯘 𩀿 𪅽 𩅨 𦻳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 503, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14302
• Dae Jaweon: page 878, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1518, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6701

Chinese

trad.		朁
simp. #		朁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朁
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簪	*ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	*sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁	*sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	*zlom, *zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam) : phonetic 兓 (OC *sl'ɯm) + semantic 口. The semantic component was originally 口 in oracle bone script, which later corrupted into 甘 in bronze script, then 曰 in seal script, and finally 日 in standard script.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎn (can³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhám / chiâm

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan³
    • Yale: tsǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam²
    • Yale: cháam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám / chiâm
    • Tâi-lô: tshám / tsiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zharm, ciaam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁵³/, /t͡siam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/, /t͡siam²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshomX

Rime
Character	朁
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	七感切
Baxter	tshomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəmX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəmX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀmX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朁
Reading #	1/2
No.	6701
Phonetic component	兓
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	慘
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːmʔ/

Definitions

朁

1. if; supposing; nevertheless

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián (qian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²
    • Yale: chyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cim⁴
    • Yale: chìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzjem

Rime
Character	朁
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昨鹽切
Baxter	dzjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziam/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛm/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cim4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlam/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朁
Reading #	2/2
No.	6706
Phonetic component	兓
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	潛
Old Chinese	/*zlam/

Definitions

朁

1. name of a county in Hangzhou, Zhijiang

References

• “朁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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