鹽
|
Translingual
editTraditional | 鹽 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 塩 |
Simplified | 盐 |
Han character
edit鹽 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 尸田月廿 (SWBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉鹵皿)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2574, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7D
Chinese
edittrad. | 鹽 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 盐 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 鹽 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
礛 | *kraːm |
鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ie1
- Northern Min (KCR): îng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sièng / ièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yi / 2yi / 2ye / 2yen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ienn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim4
- Yale: yìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim4
- Guangdong Romanization: yim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiam²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
- Hakka Romanization System: iamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2
- Sinological IPA: /i̯am¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: îng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sièng / ièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ⁵³/, /ieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sièng - vernacular;
- ièng - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- iâm - literary (“salt”);
- sîⁿ - vernacular (“pickled food product; efflorescence”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iam5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /iam⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ienn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /i̯ẽ¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 鹽 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ian³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ian²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ian⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /iã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /iã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ian⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /iã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /iã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ian⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /iɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ian⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /iɛn²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ian³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ian²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ien²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /iĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ie̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ie⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /iɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /iẽ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iẽ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /iɛn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iam¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒɑm¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²¹/ |
Nanning | /jim²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jim²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iam³⁵/ /sĩ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iam⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /iam³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: yem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lam/
Definitions
edit鹽
- salt; salty substance, especially table salt
- (chemistry) salt
- (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt
- (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence
- (cryptography) salt
Synonyms
editDialectal synonyms of 鹽 (“(table) salt”) [map]
Compounds
edit- 井鹽/井盐
- 亞硝酸鹽/亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
- 低鈉鹽/低钠盐
- 低鹽飲食/低盐饮食
- 內鹽/内盐 (nèiyán)
- 再製鹽/再制盐
- 分鹽/分盐 (Fēnyán)
- 刻畫無鹽/刻画无盐
- 加碘食鹽/加碘食盐
- 加鹽兒/加盐儿
- 吉鹽/吉盐
- 吳鹽/吴盐
- 埔鹽/埔盐 (Pǔyán)
- 大鹽/大盐 (dàyán)
- 大鹽湖/大盐湖 (Dàyánhú)
- 子兒鹽/子儿盐
- 官鹽/官盐
- 山鹽青/山盐青
- 岩鹽/岩盐
- 峻阪鹽車/峻阪盐车
- 川鹽/川盐
- 巴鹽/巴盐
- 撮鹽入水/撮盐入水
- 撮鹽入火/撮盐入火
- 朝虀暮鹽/朝虀暮盐
- 柴米油鹽/柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
- 柴米油鹽醬醋茶/柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
- 椒鹽/椒盐 (jiāoyán)
- 榷鹽/榷盐
- 正鹽/正盐
- 水晶鹽/水晶盐
- 池鹽/池盐 (chíyán)
- 沐浴鹽/沐浴盐
- 海水鹽/海水盐
- 海鹽/海盐
- 海鹽腔/海盐腔 (hǎiyánqiāng)
- 淩雜米鹽/凌杂米盐
- 淮鹽/淮盐 (huáiyán)
- 淘鹽/淘盐
- 瀉鹽/泻盐
- 無機鹽/无机盐 (wújīyán)
- 煮海為鹽/煮海为盐
- 無鹽/无盐 (wúyán)
- 生理鹽水/生理盐水 (shēnglǐ yánshuǐ)
- 矽酸鹽/矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
- 硫酸鹽/硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
- 硝鹽/硝盐
- 碳酸氫鹽/碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
- 礦鹽/矿盐
- 私鹽/私盐 (sīyán)
- 米鹽/米盐
- 米鹽博辯/米盐博辩
- 精鹽/精盐 (jīngyán)
- 脫鹽/脱盐 (tuōyán)
- 腳踏倒鹽/脚踏倒盐
- 花馬鹽/花马盐
- 花鹽/花盐
- 苛性鹽/苛性盐
- 虀鹽/虀盐
- 複鹽/复盐 (fùyán)
- 販鹽虜/贩盐虏
- 赤血鹽/赤血盐 (chìxuèyán)
- 銨鹽/铵盐 (ǎnyán)
- 鋁鹽/铝盐
- 青鹽/青盐
- 食鹽/食盐 (shíyán)
- 驥服鹽車/骥服盐车
- 鹽井/盐井
- 鹽分/盐分 (yánfèn)
- 鹽分地帶/盐分地带
- 鹽務/盐务
- 鹽務總局/盐务总局
- 鹽區/盐区
- 鹽商/盐商 (yánshāng)
- 鹽土/盐土
- 鹽坨子/盐坨子
- 鹽城/盐城 (Yánchéng)
- 鹽埕/盐埕 (yánchéng)
- 鹽埔/盐埔 (Yánpǔ)
- 鹽基/盐基 (yánjī)
- 鹽場/盐场 (yánchǎng)
- 鹽墾/盐垦
- 鹽客/盐客
- 鹽害/盐害
- 鹽屋/盐屋
- 鹽巴/盐巴 (yánbā)
- 鹽度/盐度 (yándù)
- 鹽引/盐引
- 鹽徒/盐徒
- 鹽政/盐政
- 鹽析作用/盐析作用
- 鹽梟/盐枭 (yánxiāo)
- 鹽梅/盐梅
- 鹽橋/盐桥 (yánqiáo)
- 鹽水/盐水 (yánshuǐ)
- 鹽水蜂炮/盐水蜂炮
- 鹽水選種/盐水选种
- 鹽水針/盐水针
- 鹽水飯/盐水饭
- 鹽池/盐池 (yánchí)
- 鹽法/盐法
- 鹽泉/盐泉
- 鹽法道/盐法道
- 鹽湖/盐湖 (yánhú)
- 鹽湖城/盐湖城 (Yánhúchéng)
- 鹽漏/盐漏
- 鹽滷/盐卤 (yánlǔ)
- 鹽漬食物/盐渍食物
- 鹽灘/盐滩
- 鹽生植物/盐生植物
- 鹽田/盐田 (yántián)
- 鹽田河/盐田河 (Yántiánhé)
- 鹽硝/盐硝
- 鹽票/盐票
- 鹽稅/盐税
- 鹽筴/盐策
- 鹽綱/盐纲
- 鹽膚木/盐肤木
- 鹽花/盐花
- 鹽藏品/盐藏品
- 鹽課/盐课
- 鹽車/盐车
- 鹽運使/盐运使
- 鹽邊/盐边 (Yánbiān)
- 鹽酥雞/盐酥鸡 (yánsūjī)
- 鹽酸/盐酸 (yánsuān)
- 鹽酸草/盐酸草
- 鹽醬口/盐酱口
- 鹽鈔/盐钞
- 鹽鐵使/盐铁使
- 鹽鐵論/盐铁论 (Yán Tiě Lùn)
- 鹽霜/盐霜 (yánshuāng)
- 鹽類/盐类
- 鹽餘/盐余
- 鹽鹼地/盐碱地 (yánjiǎndì)
- 齏鹽/齑盐
Descendants
editPronunciation 2
edittrad. | 鹽 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 盐 | |
alternative forms | 醃/腌 (Wu) |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jim6
- Eastern Min (BUC): siéng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sīⁿ / iām
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yi / 6yi / 6ye / 6yen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim6
- Yale: yihm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim6
- Guangdong Romanization: yim6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- sīⁿ - vernacular (usually substituted by 豉);
- iām - literary.
- Middle Chinese: yemH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lams/
Definitions
edit鹽
- (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate
- 屑桂與薑以灑諸上而鹽之,乾而食之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Xiè guì yǔ jiāng yǐ sǎ zhū shàng ér yàn zhī, qián ér shí zhī. [Pinyin]
- [...], sprinkled on it pieces of cinnamon and ginger, and added salt. It could be eaten thus when dried.
屑桂与姜以洒诸上而盐之,干而食之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest
- (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)
- (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat
- (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap
- † Alternative form of 豔/艳 (yàn, “to envy”)
Compounds
editReferences
edit- “鹽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit塩 | |
鹽 |
Kanji
edit鹽
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 塩)
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit鹽: Hán Nôm readings: diêm[1][2], diễm
- (in compounds) salt
Derived terms
edit- 鹽場 (diêm trường)
- 鹽業 (diêm nghiệp)
- 鹽民 (diêm dân)
- 鹽生 (diêm sinh)
References
editCategories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China
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