潛

See also: 潜 and 濳

潛 U+6F5B, 潛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F5B ← 潚 [U+6F5A] CJK Unified Ideographs 潜 → [U+6F5C]

Contents

Translingual

Han character

潛 (radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水一山日 (EMUA), four-corner 3416₁, composition ⿰氵朁)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 652, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18240
• Dae Jaweon: page 1059, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1740, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6F5B

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Chinese

trad.		潛
simp.		潜
variant forms		汘 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 潛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
簪	*ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	*sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁	*sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	*zlom, *zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zlom, *zloms): semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián, qiǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ, ㄑㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): cièng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciam⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): xxi (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ien²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛn³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: qiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ien³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cim⁴
    • Yale: chìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cièng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sieŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâm
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâm
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xxi (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ʑ̻i²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ziᴇm/, /d͡ziᴇm^H/▼

Rime
Character	潛	潛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昨鹽切	慈豔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇm/	/d͡ziᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛm/	/d͡ziɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjæm/	/d͡zjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziam/	/d͡ziamH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛm/	/d͡ziɛmH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛm/	/d͡zĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛm/	/d͡zʱi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián	jiàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz][o]m/, /*[dz][o]m-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlom/, /*zloms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	潛	潛	潛
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qián	qián	qián
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjem ›	‹ dzjem ›	‹ dzjemH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz][o]m/	/*[dz][o]m/	/*[dz][o]m-s/
English	go under water	驩潛 Khwārazm (region in Central Asia, W. Hàn)	to hide; secretly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潛	潛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6709	6710
Phonetic component	兓	兓
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	潛	潛
Old Chinese	/*zlom/	/*zloms/

Definitions

潛

1. to go under water; to move under water
2. to hide; to conceal
3. to live in seclusion
4. to make a concentrated effort
5. hidden; secret
6. latent
7. secretly; stealthily
8. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 潛

• 匿跡潛形／匿迹潜形
• 反潛／反潜
• 戢鱗潛翼／戢鳞潜翼
• 捲款潛逃／卷款潜逃
• 核潛艇／核潜艇
• 核能潛艇／核能潜艇
• 沉潛剛克／沉潜刚克
• 浮潛／浮潜 (fúqián)
• 潛伏／潜伏 (qiánfú)
• 潛伏分子／潜伏分子
• 潛伏感染／潜伏感染
• 潛伏期／潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
• 潛修／潜修
• 潛入／潜入 (qiánrù)
• 潛力／潜力 (qiánlì)
• 潛勢／潜势
• 潛包禍謀／潜包祸谋
• 潛匿／潜匿
• 潛圖問鼎／潜图问鼎
• 潛在／潜在 (qiánzài)
• 潛在危機／潜在危机
• 潛夫論／潜夫论
• 潛居／潜居
• 潛山隱市／潜山隐市
• 潛師／潜师
• 潛形／潜形
• 潛形匿跡／潜形匿迹
• 潛影／潜影 (qiányǐng)
• 潛德／潜德
• 潛心／潜心 (qiánxīn)
• 潛意識／潜意识 (qiányìshí)
• 潛望鏡／潜望镜 (qiánwàngjìng)

• 潛步／潜步 (qiánbù)
• 潛水／潜水 (qiánshuǐ)
• 潛水刀／潜水刀
• 潛水員／潜水员 (qiánshuǐyuán)
• 潛水炸彈／潜水炸弹
• 潛水病／潜水病
• 潛水肺／潜水肺
• 潛水艇／潜水艇 (qiánshuǐtǐng)
• 潛水衣／潜水衣 (qiánshuǐyī)
• 潛水鐘／潜水钟
• 潛江／潜江 (Qiánjiāng)
• 潛泳／潜泳 (qiányǒng)
• 潛流／潜流 (qiánliú)
• 潛潛等等／潜潜等等
• 潛灌／潜灌
• 潛熱／潜热
• 潛盤／潜盘
• 潛盾工法／潜盾工法
• 潛神默思／潜神默思
• 潛神默記／潜神默记
• 潛移／潜移 (qiányí)
• 潛移暗化／潜移暗化
• 潛移陰奪／潜移阴夺
• 潛移默化／潜移默化 (qiányímòhuà)
• 潛移默奪／潜移默夺
• 潛移默運／潜移默运
• 潛聽／潜听
• 潛能／潜能 (qiánnéng)
• 潛艇／潜艇 (qiántǐng)
• 潛藏／潜藏 (qiáncáng)
• 潛虛／潜虚
• 潛蛟困鳳／潜蛟困凤

• 潛行／潜行
• 潛蹤／潜踪 (qiánzōng)
• 潛蹤隱跡／潜踪隐迹
• 潛身／潜身
• 潛身遠禍／潜身远祸
• 潛身遠跡／潜身远迹
• 潛身遠遁／潜身远遁
• 潛躲／潜躲 (qiánduǒ)
• 潛逃／潜逃 (qiántáo)
• 潛道／潜道
• 潛避／潜避 (qiánbì)
• 潛邸／潜邸
• 潛骸竄影／潜骸窜影
• 潛龍／潜龙
• 潛龍伏虎／潜龙伏虎
• 潛龍勿用／潜龙勿用
• 狐潛鼠伏／狐潜鼠伏
• 生物潛能／生物潜能
• 畏罪潛逃／畏罪潜逃
• 發展潛力／发展潜力
• 白髮郎潛／白发郎潜
• 等等潛潛／等等潜潜
• 躡足潛蹤／蹑足潜踪
• 遁跡潛形／遁迹潜形
• 遠引深潛／远引深潜
• 郎潛白髮／郎潜白发
• 陶潛三徑／陶潜三径
• 陶潛五柳／陶潜五柳
• 飛潛／飞潜
• 飛潛動植／飞潜动植
• 驅潛艦／驱潜舰
• 龍潛／龙潜 (lóngqián)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	潜
Kyūjitai	潛

Kanji

潛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潜)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)^{←ぜん (zen, historical)←ぜむ (zemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: かくれる (kakureru, 潛れる); くぐる (kuguru, 潛る); ひそむ (hisomu, 潛む); ひそめる (hisomeru, 潛める); もぐる (moguru, 潛る)
• Nanori: すみ (sumi)

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Korean

Hanja

潛 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

潛 (tiềm, tèm, tỉm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.