皮膚

See also: 皮肤

Chinese edit

	leather; skin; fur	skin
trad. (皮膚)	皮	膚
simp. (皮肤)	皮	肤
anagram	膚皮／肤皮

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pífū

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ ㄈㄨ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): пифу (pifu, I-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pei⁴ fu¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pei³ fu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phì-fû
Eastern Min (BUC): puòi-hŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phê-hu / phêr-hu / phôe-hu

(Teochew, Peng'im): puê⁵ hu¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶bi-fu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pífū
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ ㄈㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pífu
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi²-fu¹
  - Yale: pí-fū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyifu
  - Palladius: пифу (pifu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵ fu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: пифу (pifu, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²⁴ fou⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei⁴ fu¹
  - Yale: pèih fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁴ fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi⁴ fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pei³ fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei²² fu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì-fû
  - Hakka Romanization System: piˇ fu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi² fu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹ fu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puòi-hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)u⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phê-hu
  - Tâi-lô: phê-hu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phe'hw
  - IPA (Philippines): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêr-hu
  - Tâi-lô: phêr-hu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰə²⁴⁻²² hu³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-hu
  - Tâi-lô: phuê-hu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoe'hw
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰue²³⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰue¹³⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: puê⁵ hu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuê hu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶bi-fu
  - MiniDict: bi^去 fu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bi-fu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bi²² fu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: bje pju

Rime
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	符羈切	甫無切
Baxter	bje	pju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ/	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ/	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ/	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆/	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/bje/	/pio/
Wang Li	/bǐe/	/pĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯/	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pí	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei⁴	fu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p](r)aj pra/

(Zhengzhang): /*bral pla/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí	fū
Middle Chinese	‹ bje ›	‹ pju ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[p](r)aj/	/*pra/
English	skin	skin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9711	5275
Phonetic component	皮	虍
Rime group	歌	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	皮	跗
Old Chinese	/*bral/	/*pla/

Noun edit

皮膚

skin; dermis
皮膚移植／皮肤移植 ― pífū yízhí ― skin graft

皮膚真菌／皮肤真菌 ― pífū zhēnjūn ― dermatophyte

皮膚激光治療／皮肤激光治疗 ― pífū jīguāng zhìliáo ― laser skin treatment

皮膚損傷／皮肤损伤 ― pífū sǔnshāng ― skin lesion

皮膚乾燥／皮肤干燥 ― pífū gānzào ― dry skin
(graphical user interface) skin
(video games) skin (alternative outfit for a game character)

Synonyms edit

(skin):
(dialectal) 肉皮 (ròupí)

(Sichuan) 皮子 (pízi), 皮皮

(Jin) 肉皮子

Derived terms edit

皮膚標籤／皮肤标签 (pífū biāoqiān)
皮膚炎／皮肤炎 (pífūyán)
皮膚病／皮肤病 (pífūbìng)
皮膚癌／皮肤癌 (pífū'ái)
皮膚科／皮肤科 (pífūkē)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (皮膚):

→ Japanese: 皮膚(ひふ) (hifu)
→ Korean: 피부(皮膚) (pibu)
→ Vietnamese: bì phu (皮膚)

Japanese edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
皮	膚
ひ Grade: 3	ふ Grade: S
kan’on	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
皮フ

Sino-Japonic compound word from Middle Chinese 皮 (MC bje) and Middle Chinese 膚 (MC pju). First attested in 717.^[1] Compare Korean 피부 (pibu).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) ひふ [híꜜfù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) ひふ [hìfú] (Heiban – [0])^[3]
IPA^(key): [çiɸɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

皮(ひ)膚(ふ) • (hifu)

[from 717] (anatomy) skin
Synonyms: 皮 (kawa), 肌 (hada)
[from 1650] exterior surface
Synonym: 外面 (gaimen)

References edit

^ “皮膚”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
皮	膚

Noun edit

皮膚 • (pibu) (hangeul 피부)

Hanja form^? of 피부 (“skin”).

[1] “皮膚”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]