艦
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
艦 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+14 in Chinese, 舟+15 in Japanese, 20 strokes in Chinese, 21 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹卜尸戈廿 (HYSIT) or 竹卜尸一廿 (HYSMT), four-corner 28417, composition ⿰舟監)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
- Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8266
Chinese edit
trad. | 艦 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 舰* | |
nonstandard simp. | |
Glyph origin edit
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
礛 | *kraːm |
鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
Etymology edit
"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.
This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
艦
Compounds edit
- 主力艦/主力舰 (zhǔlìjiàn)
- 兵艦/兵舰 (bīngjiàn)
- 戰艦/战舰 (zhànjiàn)
- 旗艦/旗舰 (qíjiàn)
- 母艦/母舰 (mǔjiàn)
- 炮艦/炮舰 (pàojiàn)
- 無敵艦隊/无敌舰队
- 第七艦隊/第七舰队
- 義勇艦隊/义勇舰队
- 航空母艦/航空母舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)
- 船艦/船舰
- 艦橋/舰桥
- 艦炮/舰炮
- 艦艇/舰艇 (jiàntǐng)
- 艦長/舰长 (jiànzhǎng)
- 艦隊/舰队 (jiànduì)
- 艦隻/舰只 (jiànzhī)
- 護衛艦/护卫舰 (hùwèijiàn)
- 軍艦/军舰 (jūnjiàn)
- 軍艦鳥/军舰鸟
- 巡洋艦/巡洋舰 (xúnyángjiàn)
- 巡防艦/巡防舰 (xúnfángjiàn)
- 驅潛艦/驱潜舰
- 驅逐艦/驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn)
- 鬥艦/斗舰
Descendants edit
References edit
- “艦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: げん (gen)←げん (gen, historical)←げむ (gemu, ancient)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)
- Kun: いくさぶね (ikusabune, 艦)
Pronunciation edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
艦 |
かん Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Noun edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- 母艦 (bokan): mothership
- 航空母艦 (kōkū bokan): aircraft carrier
References edit
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 艦 (MC haemX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅡᆷ〯 (Yale: hhǎm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄇᆡ〮 (Yale: póy) | 함〯 (Yale: hǎm) |
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [함(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja edit
艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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