舟

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

In Chinese, the stroke at the bottom is written as a dot, ㇔.
In Japanese and Korean, the stroke at the bottom is written as a line, ㇑.

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 137 舟

舟 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月卜戈 (HBYI), four-corner 2744₀, composition ⿱丿⿻⿵⺆⺀一)

Kangxi radical #137, ⾈.

Derived charactersEdit

Appendix:Chinese radical/舟
侜, 𪠾, 洀, 𣆔, 𣑮, 烐, 珘, 矪, 𥑸, 𥿦, 𦐩, 𧊓, 𡖫, 𧧔, 貈, 𧻖, 輈(辀), 𨱪, 𩗋, 𩢸(𩧳), 𩳉, 𠘒, 𩶣
𡬫, 郍, 𬅣, 𤭂, 𥎻, 䎇, 䚀(舰), 𠢧, 𣽨, 𣚗, 鵃(鸼), 𤳔, 𧑥, 𤃯, 䲍, 𪅻, 㭧, 盘, 𠄭, 𦭸, 歬, 𥥳, 𩂤, 𠣘

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1008, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30350
Dae Jaweon: page 1466, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3055, character 1
Unihan data for U+821F

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		舟
2nd round simp.		𠔾
alternative forms		𣍝

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 舟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (舟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鵃	rtɯːw, rtɯːw, *tjiw
輈	*tɯw
侜	*tɯw
矪	*tɯw
舟	*tjɯw

Pictogram (象形) – a boat.

EtymologyEdit

According to Schuessler (2007), a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗuuk ~ *ɗuk (“boat, canoe”), whence Khmer ទូក (tuuk) and Vietnamese nốc (< Proto-Vietic *ɗoːk (“boat”)). Foreign closed syllables having a long main vowel often correspond to open syllables in Old Chinese.

Possibly cognate of 輈 (OC *tɯw, “trunk, pole”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Yang Xiong's Fangyan says that Old Chinese 舟 (OC *tjɯw) is common in central and eastern China, while its synonym 船 (OC *ɦljon) is used in western China.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
Min Bei (KCR): ciú
Min Dong (BUC): ciŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
  - Wade–Giles: chou¹
  - Yale: jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zau¹
  - Yale: jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹tseu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɜ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨu/

Rime
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tu/
English	boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
No.	17504
Phonetic component	舟
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/

DefinitionsEdit

舟

(literary) boat
同舟共濟／同舟共济 ― tóngzhōugòngjì ― to pull together in times of trouble (literally, “to cross a river in the same boat”)
- 二子乘舟，泛泛其景。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Èr zǐ chéng zhōu, fàn fàn qí yǐng. [Pinyin]
  The two youths got into their boats,
  Whose shadows floated about [on the water].
(obsolete) to ride in a boat; to sail a boat
a surname

SynonymsEdit

(boat):

Dialectal synonyms of 船 (“watercraft; vessel”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		舟, 船
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		船, 船隻
Mandarin	Beijing	船
	Taiwan	船
	Tianjin	船
	Chengde	船
	Tangshan	船
	Cangzhou	船
	Baoding	船
	Shijiazhuang	船
	Chifeng	船
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	船
	Heihe	船
	Qiqihar	船
	Harbin	船
	Jiamusi	船
	Baicheng	船
	Changchun	船
	Tonghua	船
	Shenyang	船
	Dandong	船
	Jinzhou	船
	Dalian	船
	Yantai	船
	Qingdao	船
	Lijin	船
	Zhucheng	船
	Jinan	船
	Jining	船
	Shangqiu	船
	Yuanyang	船
	Zhengzhou	船
	Lingbao	船
	Xinyang	船
	Baihe	船
	Hanzhong	船
	Xi'an	船
	Baoji	船
	Yinchuan	船
	Tianshui	船
	Lanzhou	船
	Dunhuang	船
	Xining	船
	Hami	船
	Ürümqi	船
	Wuhan	船
	Yichang	船
	Xiangyang	船
	Tianmen	船
	Hong'an	船
	Chengdu	船
	Nanchong	船
	Dazhou	船
	Hanyuan	船
	Xichang	船
	Zigong	船
	Chongqing	船
	Zunyi	船
	Bijie	船
	Liping	船
	Zhaotong	船
	Dali	船
	Kunming	船
	Mengzi	船
	Guilin	船
	Liuzhou	船
Jishou	船
Changde	船
Anqing	船
Xuzhou	船
Fuyang	船
Wuhu	船
Yangzhou	船
Lianyungang	船
Lianshui	船
Nanjing	船
Hefei	船
Nantong	船
Malaysia	船
Singapore	船
Cantonese	Guangzhou	船
	Hong Kong	船
	Yangjiang	船
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	船
	Singapore (Guangfu)	船
Gan	Nanchang	船
Hakka	Meixian	船
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	船仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	船仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	船仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	船
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	船
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	船
	Kuching (Hepo)	船
Huizhou	Shexian	船
Jin	Taiyuan	船
	Yangyuan	船
	Datong	船
	Xinzhou	船
	Lishi	船
	Linfen	船
	Changzhi	船
	Linhe	船
	Jining	船
	Hohhot	船
	Erenhot	船
	Pingshan	船
	Zhangjiakou	船
	Handan	船
	Linzhou	船
	Suide	船
Min Bei	Jian'ou	船
Min Dong	Fuzhou	船
Min Nan	Xiamen	船
	Quanzhou	船
	Jinjiang	船
	Zhangzhou	船
	Zhao'an	船
	Taipei	船
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	船
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	船
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	船
	Kaohsiung	船
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	船
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	船
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	船
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	船
	Yilan (Toucheng)	船
	Tainan	船仔
	Tainan (Anping)	船
	Kinmen	船
	Penghu (Magong)	船
	Penghu (Xiyu)	船
	Penang (Hokkien)	船
	Singapore (Hokkien)	船
	Manila (Hokkien)	船
	Chaozhou	船
Wu	Suzhou	船
Wu	Wenzhou	船
Xiang	Changsha	船
	Xiangxiang	船
	Shuangfeng	船

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 舟

借水行舟
吞舟
天舟座
孤舟
小隙沉舟
扁底舟
扁舟 (piānzhōu)
操舟
方舟 (fāngzhōu)
木已成舟 (mùyǐchéngzhōu)
李郭同舟
柏舟
柏舟之痛
柏舟之誓
柏舟操
桂舟
沉舟破釜
沙漠之舟 (shāmò zhī zhōu)
泊舟
法舟
泛舟 (fànzhōu)
漾舟
焚舟
焚舟破釜
登舟
破釜沉舟 (pòfǔchénzhōu)
篷舟
腰舟
舟人
舟子

ReferencesEdit

“舟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03410

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

舟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

boat, ship, small ship

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
Kun: ふね (fune, 舟, Jōyō); ふな (funa, 舟, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1Edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

舟

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
舟
ふね Grade: S
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ふね [fúꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝne̞]

NounEdit

舟(ふね) • (fune)

boat, ship, small ship

SynonymsEdit

舟艇(しゅうてい) (shūtei)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
舟
ふな Grade: S
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ふな [fúꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝna̠]

NounEdit

舟(ふな) • (funa)

boat, ship, small ship

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

舟 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

boat, ship
KangXi radical 137

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

舟: Hán Nôm readings: chu, châu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

舟

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

SynonymsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit