苜蓿

Contents

ChineseEdit

		clover	clover, lucerne
simp. and trad. (苜蓿)		苜	蓿
alt. forms		目宿 牧宿 牧蓿 木粟

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from a Central Asian language during the Han Dynasty (Laufer, 1967). Compare Tibetan བུག་སུག (bug sug, “alfalfa; bird's-foot trefoil”), Ladakhi [script needed] (bukhsukh, “Nepeta salviaefolia”).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mùxu, mùsù

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ㄒㄩ˙, ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶ suk¹
• Min Nan (POJ): bo̍k-siok

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: mùxu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄒㄩ˙
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh.shiu
    • IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹ ɕy¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, common variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: mùsù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhsuh
    • IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: muk⁶ suk¹
    • Yale: muhk sūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹ suk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶ sug¹
    • IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚² sʊk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-siok
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k-siok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bogsiog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴⁻²² ɕiɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɕiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɕiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɕiɔk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /mɨuk̚|muɑt̚  sɨuk̚/▼

Rime
Character	苜	苜	蓿
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	末 (64)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I	III
Fanqie	莫六切	莫撥切	息逐切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/	/muɑt̚/	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/	/mʷɑt̚/	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/	/muɑt̚/	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/	/mwat̚/	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/	/muɑt̚/	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/	/muɑt̚/	/sĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/	/muɑt̚/	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù	mò	su

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*moːd|muɡ  suɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苜	苜	蓿
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9332	9334	12106
Phonetic component	目	目	宿
Rime group	月	覺	覺
Rime subdivision	3	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	末	目	肅
Old Chinese	/*moːd/	/*muɡ/	/*suɡ/
Notes	上從卝，與蔑同源	見史記	見史記，漢書作宿

NounEdit

苜蓿

1. Medicago (a genus of flowering plants including alfalfa)

Derived termsEdit

Sino-Xenic (苜蓿):

• Japanese: 苜蓿 (もくしゅく) (mokushuku)
• Korean: 목숙 (苜蓿, moksuk)
• Vietnamese: mục túc (苜蓿)