Wiktionary

作

See also: 做
作 U+4F5C, 作
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F5C
← 佛
[U+4F5B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佝 →
[U+4F5D]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

作 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹尸 (OHS) or 人人尸 (OOS), four-corner 28211, composition ⿰亻乍)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 210, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 134, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4F5C

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 作
alternative forms 㑅
𠆯

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 作
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Oracle bone script
 

j19019

Bronze inscriptions
 

b12327

 

b12328

 

b12329

 

b12330

 

b12331

Small seal script
 

s05788

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L37977

 

L37978

 

L37979

 

L37980

 

L37981

 

L27237

 

L27238

 

L27239

 

L27240

 

L27241

 

L27242

 

L27243

 

L27244

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
作 *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊 *ʔsraːʔ
痄 *ʔsraːʔ
厏 *ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐 *ʔsraːɡs
咋 *ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮 *ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨 *ʔsraːɡs
炸 *ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍 *zraːɡs
拃 *ʔsraːnʔ
酢 *sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚 *zaːɡs
胙 *zaːɡs
阼 *zaːɡs
飵 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨 *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮 *ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞 *ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨 *zaːɡ
怍 *zaːɡ
砟 *zaːɡ
莋 *zaːɡ
岝 *zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼 *zaːɡ
筰 *zaːɡ
葃 *zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴 *ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄 *ʔsraːɡ
蚱 *ʔsraːɡ
齚 *zraːɡ
泎 *zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

Etymology edit

Derivative: 做 (“to do”) (the departing-tone variant).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: zuó - variant pronunciation in 作料.
Note: dok1 - used in 做作 (“conduct”).
Note:
  • chok - literary;
  • choh - vernacular;
  • chòe/chò - substitute for 做 (zuò).
Note:
  • zoh4 - vernacular;
  • zag4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 作
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo⁵¹/
/t͡suo⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工～
/t͡suo²⁴/ ～料
Tianjin /t͡suo⁵³/ 工～
/t͡suo²¹/ ～坊
Jinan /t͡suə²¹³/
/t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao /t͡suə⁴²/ ～息
/t͡suə⁵⁵/ 工～
Zhengzhou /t͡suo²⁴/ 工～
/t͡suo⁴²/ ～料
Xi'an /t͡suo²¹/
Xining /t͡su⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡suə¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡suə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡suɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡suo²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡so³¹/
Guiyang /t͡so²¹/
Kunming /t͡so³¹/
Nanjing /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suaʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡suaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡so²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡so⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡so²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡so²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sok̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔk̚³/
Nanning /t͡sɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sɔk̚³²/
/t͡soʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sak̚²/
/t͡soʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /to⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 作 作 作
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 歌 (94) 唐 (103)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I I I
Fanqie 臧祚切 則箇切 則落切
Baxter tsuH tsaH tsak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɔH/ /t͡saH/ /t͡sak̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡soH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡suoH/ /t͡sɑH/ /t͡sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zù zuò zuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zou3 zo3 zok3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 作 作
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zuò zuò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsak › ‹ tsuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁak/ /*[ts]ˁak-s/
English do, work do, work

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 作 作 作
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 16641 16653 16661
Phonetic
component 		乍 乍 乍
Rime
group 		暮 暮 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		佐 作 作
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡs/ /*ʔsaːɡ/
Notes 祚原誤衤旁巾箱本不誤 乍轉註字

Definitions edit

作

  1. † to get up (from a place)
  2. † to get up (in the morning) and go to work
  3. † to begin to grow; to come into being
  4. † to arise; to come about; to happen; to occur; to break out
  5. to do; to perform; to carry out
    你在作什麼？／你在作什么？  ―  Nǐ zài zuò shénme?  ―  What are you doing?
  6. to work; to exert oneself
  7. to make; to manufacture
  8. to compose; to write
    作者  ―  zuòzhě  ―  author
    你作緊乜嘢呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    你作紧乜嘢呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 zok3 gan2 mat1 je5 aa3? [Jyutping]
    What are you writing?
  9. † to brace oneself; to boost
  10. † to feign; to pretend
  11. to work as; to serve as
  12. † to build; to construct
  13. † to play; to perform
  14. † to emit; to give out
  15. † to start; to launch
  16. † to be like; similar
  17. † Alternative form of 詛／诅 (zǔ, “to curse; to damn”)
  18. work; composition; article
  19. † affair; matter
  20. † measure; action
  21. (Hokkien) to farm; to plow; to till
Synonyms edit
  • (to do):
  • (to farm):

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 作
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 唐 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 則落切
Baxter tsak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sak̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zok3

Definitions edit

作

  1. workshop; studio; workroom
  2. (neologism, originally dialectal) contrived; artificial; affected; pretentious; dramatic; high-maintenance

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

作

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Related terms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
作
さく
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 作 (tsak, “to do, to work”). Compare Cantonese 作 (zok3), Wu 作 (7tsoq).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Noun edit

作(さく) • (saku) 

  1. a work, a production (particularly a cultural work, such as a work of art, of literature, or of theatre)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Noun edit

作(さく) • (saku) 

  1. a crop, a harvest

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
作
つく(り)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make; to build; to work the land, to grow something”), itself from Old Japanese.[2]

Pronunciation 1 edit

Noun edit

作(つくり) • (tsukuri) 

  1. the workmanship or make of something, how something is made
    作(つく)りのいい家具(かぐ)
    tsukuri no ii kagu
    furniture of good make or workmanship, well-made furniture
  2. make-up, dress, comportment: how one dresses and comports oneself
    派手(はで)な作(つく)りは嫌(きら)いだ。
    Hade na tsukuri wa kirai da.
    I dislike colorful / flashy dress.
  3. a helping or serving of fresh sashimi, usually several slices
    鮭(しゃけ)の作(つく)りを楽(たの)しみにしている。
    Shake no tsukuri o tanoshimi ni shite iru.
    I'm looking forward to a helping of salmon sashimi.
Usage notes edit

More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

Pronunciation 2 edit

  • IPA(key): [d͡zɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]
  • The -tsukuri changes to -zukuri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Suffix edit

作(づくり) • (-zukuri) 

  1. the making of something, particularly as in cultivation
    庭(にわ)作(づく)り、バラ作(づく)り
    niwazukuri, barazukuri
    gardening / garden cultivation, rose cultivation / growing roses
Usage notes edit

More often spelled with the okurigana, as 作り.

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 作 (MC tsak). Recorded as Middle Korean 작 (cak) (Yale: cak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

作 (eumhun 지을 작 (jieul jak))

  1. Hanja form? of 작 (“composition”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 2 edit

Related to Middle Chinese 做 (MC tsaH).

Hanja edit

作 (eumhun 만들 주 (mandeul ju))
作 (eumhun 만들 자 (mandeul ja))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 做 (“Hanja form? of 주/자 (“to make”).”)

Etymology 3 edit

Related to Middle Chinese 詛 (MC tsrjoH).

Hanja edit

作 (eumhun 저주할 저 (jeojuhal jeo))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 詛 (“Hanja form? of 저 (“to curse”). ”)

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Kunigami edit

Kanji edit

作

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Miyako edit

Kanji edit

作

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Okinawan edit

Kanji edit

作

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

作: Hán Việt readings: tác (即(tức)各(các)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tố[3]
作: Nôm readings: tác[1][2][3][4][6], sã[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of tác (“to do; to perform; to carry out”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama edit

Kanji edit

作

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

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