漢
See also: 汉
| ||||||||
 | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
TranslingualEdit
| Traditional | 漢 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 漢 |
| Simplified | 汉 |
Alternative formsEdit
- In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm, the component
for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天. - In Japanese shinjitai, the component
is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used. - In Simplified Chinese, the component is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 汉 (
U+6C49). - Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character.
U+FA47corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character whileU+FA9Acorresponds to the alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.
Han characterEdit
漢 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11 in Chinese and Korean, 水+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水廿中人 (ETLO), four-corner 34134 or 34185, composition ⿰氵⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA47) or ⿰氵𦰩(J or U+FA9A))
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 646, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18068
- Dae Jaweon: page 1055, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1713, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6F22
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 漢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 汉 | |
| alternative forms | 𣾒 㵄 𣶔 𤁉 𭲑 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 漢 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hnaːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𦰩 () – name of a river.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
漢
- (～水, ～江) Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze
- (literary) the Milky Way
- (～朝) Han Dynasty
- 問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
- Wèn jīn shì hé shì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn. [Pinyin]
- When asking about the name of the current dynasty, it became apparent that they did not know about the Han Dynasty, much less the Wei or Jin Dynasties.
问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Han ethnicity; Han Chinese
- 總期人民安堵，海宇乂安，仍合滿、漢、蒙、回、藏五族完全領土為一大中華民國。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Feb 1912, 清室退位詔書 (Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor)
- Zǒng qī rénmín āndǔ, hǎiyǔ yì'ān, réng hé Mǎn, Hàn, Méng, Huí, Zàng wǔ zú wánquán lǐngtǔ wéi yī dà Zhōnghuá Mínguó. [Pinyin]
- [S]uch that peace may be assured and restored to the people and country, all while retaining the complete territorial integrity of the lands of the five races—Manchu, Han, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan—which shall combine to form a great Republic of China.
总期人民安堵，海宇乂安，仍合满、汉、蒙、回、藏五族完全领土为一大中华民国。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- man; guy; bloke
- husband
- (～江) Han River, the fourth-longest river on the Korean peninsula
- Short for 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
- a surname
- 漢寶德／汉宝德 ― Hàn Bǎodé ― Han Pao-teh (Taiwanese architect)
See alsoEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 漢
|
|
|
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
JapaneseEdit
| Shinjitai | 漢 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
漢 漢or 漢+ ︀?
|
|
| 漢󠄁 漢+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 漢󠄃 漢+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
KanjiEdit
漢
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 漢)
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: あや (aya, 漢); おとこ (otoko, 漢)←をとこ (wotoko, historical); から (kara, 漢)
- Nanori: あや (aya); かみ (kami); から (kara); くに (kuni); なら (nara); はた (hata)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 漢音 (kan'on)
- 漢学 (kangaku)
- 漢奸 (kankan)
- 漢語 (kango)
- 漢才 (kansai), 漢才 (kanzai)
- 漢詩 (kanshi)
- 漢字 (kanji, “Chinese character”)
- 漢籍 (kanseki)
- 漢朝 (Kanchō)
- 漢文 (kanbun, “Chinese classical literature”)
- 漢方 (kanpō, “Chinese medicine”)
- 漢名 (kanmei)
- 阿羅漢 (arakan), 羅漢 (rakan, “arhat”)
- 銀漢 (Ginkan), 天漢 (Tenkan, “the Milky Way”)
- 国漢 (kokkan)
- 霄漢 (shōkan)
- 珍紛漢, 珍糞漢 (chinpunkan)
- 頓珍漢 (donchinkan)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 漢 |
| かん Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 漢 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC hɑnH), in reference to the Han Chinese ethnic group.
The sense of man arose from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.
NounEdit
- man
- さらに悟上に得悟する漢あり、迷中又迷の漢あり。
- Sara ni gojō ni tokugo suru kan ari, meichū umei no kan ari.
- Moreover, some men achieve enlightenment and further enlightenment, and some men achieve confusion and further confusion.
- さらに悟上に得悟する漢あり、迷中又迷の漢あり。
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- 悪漢 (akkan), 凶漢, 兇漢 (kyōkan, “villain”)
- 快漢 (kaikan), 好漢 (kōkan, “fine man”)
- 怪漢 (kaikan, “suspicious person”)
- 巨漢 (kyokan, “giant”)
- 硬骨漢 (kōkotsu-kan, “man of principle”)
- 酔漢 (suikan, “drunkard”)
- 大食漢 (daishoku-kan, “glutton”)
- 痴漢 (chikan, “molester”)
- 熱血漢 (nekketsu-kan, “hot-blooded person”)
- 暴漢 (bōkan, “hoodlum, ruffian”)
- 木石漢 (bokuseki-kan, “unfeeling or callous person”)
- 没分暁漢 (botsubungyō-kan, “blockhead, obstinate person”)
- 門外漢 (mongai-kan, “outsider”)
- 冷血漢 (reiketsu-kan, “cold-blooded person”)
Proper nounEdit
- the name of China during the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
- name of various Chinese dynasties
- the 西漢 (Saikan, “Western Han”) or 前漢 (Zenkan, “Former Han”) (206 BCE – 9 CE)
- the 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”) (25–220 CE)
- the 蜀漢 (Shokkan, “Shu Han”) (221-263)
- the 成漢 (Seikan, “Cheng Han”) (304–347)
- the 南漢 (Nankan, “Southern Han”) (917–971)
- the 後漢 (Kōkan, “Later Han”) (947–951)
- the 北漢 (Hokukan, “Northern Han”) (951–979)
- the Han Chinese people
- the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze
- (by extension from the "river" sense) the Milky Way
- alternative name for 漢中 (Kanchū, “Hanzhong”)
- a surname
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- 漢民 (Kan-zoku), 漢民族 (Kan-minzoku, “the Han Chinese people”)
- 漢和 (Kan-Wa, “Chinese-Japanese”)
- 和漢 (Wa-Kan, “Japanese-Chinese”)
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 漢 |
| から Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 漢 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese.
Originally referred to the Gaya confederacy, an independent state in the south of the Korean peninsula in the years 42-562 CE. Over time, the meaning extended to refer in general to the Korean peninsula and China, expanding further just before and during the Edo period to refer to foreign lands in general.[2][3]
Alternative formsEdit
- (usually China in the Tang dynasty, and foreign lands in general): 唐
- (usually Korea): 韓
- (specifically the Gaya confederacy): 加羅, 伽羅, 迦羅
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
- element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or Korea, or from other foreign lands
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
- (historical) shortly before and during the Edo period, foreign lands in general
Proper nounEdit
- the Gaya confederacy
- (archaic) the Korean peninsula
- (archaic) China, especially during the Han dynasty
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 漢 |
| あや Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 漢 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese, in reference to clans purportedly originating from China.[2][4][3] Appears to be cognate with 文 / 紋 / 綾 / 絢 (aya, “a pattern or design; a pattern of diagonally interweaving lines; twill; how something fits together, the reason or background of a thing; skillful expression in color or words; melody, tune”), possibly in distant reference to technologies and cultural practices brought to Japan by the original Chinese immigrants.
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
- short for 漢氏 (Aya uji): name of one of two ancient clans, purportedly descendants from Han Chinese, and notable historically for major achievements in fields including literature, diplomacy, and finance, among others
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 漢 |
| おとこ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 漢 (kyūjitai) |
Rare alternative spelling for 男 (otoko, “man”), from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.
See the 男 entry for the derivation of the reading.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (slang) Rare spelling of 男 (“man”).
- 2004 July 7, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第26話 トレーニング・デイ [Chapter 26: Training Day]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 3, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 161:
- 漢は背中で人生を語る！キミのベストポーズでスーパーアピール‼
- Otoko wa senaka de jinsei o kataru! Kimi no besuto pōzu de sūpā apīru‼
- Men show what life is with their backs! Strike your best pose to drive home your point!!
- 漢は背中で人生を語る！キミのベストポーズでスーパーアピール‼
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “漢”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC hɑnH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 한〮 (Yale: hán) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 하ᄂᆞᆯ (Yale: hanol) | 한 (Yale: han) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 한 (“Sino-, China”). [affix]
- Hanja form? of 한 (“man; person”). [suffix]
- Hanja form? of 한 (“Han dynasty”). [proper noun]
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- Of or relating to China
CompoundsEdit
- 漢喃 (Hán Nôm) Vietnamese made Chinese characters