Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ちが
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of (chi, road, way) +‎ 交う (kau, cross, exchange).[1] The kau changes to gau as an instance of rendaku (連濁).[2]

First cited to the Kagerō Nikki of 974,[1] and likely extant earlier given the initial citing in 965 of derived form 違える (chigaeru, to keep something from happening)[1]

Similar, but not related, to tagau reading.[2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「違う
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
違う がう [chìgáú]
Imperative (命令形) 違え がえ [chìgáé]
Key constructions
Passive 違われる がわれる [chìgáwárérú]
Causative 違わせる がわせる [chìgáwásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 違おう がお [chìgáóꜜò]
Negative 違わない がわない [chìgáwánáí]
Negative perfective 違わなかった がわなかった [chìgáwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 違います がいま [chìgáímáꜜsù]
Perfective 違った がった [chìgáttá]
Conjunctive 違って がって [chìgátté]
Hypothetical conditional 違えば がえ [chìgáéꜜbà]

Verb

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(ちが) (chigauちがふ (tigafu)?intransitive godan (stem (ちが) (chigai), past (ちが)った (chigatta))

Japanese verb pair
active (ちが)える
mediopassive (ちが)
  1. to be different; to differ (from something)
  2. another
  3. (in conversation) no, that is wrong / incorrect; that's not how it is
Usage notes
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This is used to disagree with someone in conversation like "no", but it is softer than saying "no" in English.

Conjugation
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Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
たが
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of (ta, hand, bound form) +‎ 交う (kau, cross, exchange). The kau changes to gau as an instance of rendaku (連濁).[2]

First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.[4]

Verb

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(たが) (tagauたがふ (tagafu)?intransitive godan (stem (たが) (tagai), past (たが)った (tagatta))

Japanese verb pair
active (たが)える
mediopassive (たが)
  1. (dated) be contrary to; go against; defy; disobey; violate (a rule)
    ()(たい)(たが)
    kitai ni tagau
    be contrary to an anticipation
    (てい)(せつ)(たが)
    teisetsu ni tagau
    defy a common theory
    ()(そく)(たが)
    kisoku ni tagau
    violate a rule
Conjugation
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Synonyms
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Antonyms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 違・交”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
  3. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  4. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006