道

道	U+9053, 道 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9053

← 遒
[U+9052]

CJK Unified Ideographs

達 →
[U+9054]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

道 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜廿竹山 (YTHU), four-corner 3830₆, composition ⿺辶首)

Derived charactersEdit

𠿱, 𣿪, 檤, 𥽌, 𧒴, 𬧖, 𨭪, 𠁛, 𡚑, 噵, 導, 𣜦, 𨗳, 䆃, 㘏, 𬧖

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1262, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39010
Dae Jaweon: page 1754, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3864, character 1
Unihan data for U+9053

ChineseEdit

Wikipedia has articles on:

道 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
道 (Cantonese)
道 (Classical)
道 (Wu)
Tao (English)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 道
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
道	*l'uːʔ
導	*duːs
首	hljuʔ, hljus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

EtymologyEdit

Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):

> "to explain" > "to talk about", and
> "road, way".

Cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

Pronunciation 1Edit

trad.		道
simp. ^#		道
2nd round simp.		辺
alternative forms		噵衜衟𡬹𨔞噵衜衟𡬹𨔞𨕐𨕥𨖁𨗓

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dào (dao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ

(Chengdu, SP): dao⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): до (do, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): dou⁶, dou³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): au⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): tau⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tho

(Meixian, Guangdong): to⁴ / tau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): dau³
Min Bei (KCR): dàu
Min Dong (BUC): dô̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tō / tǒ͘ / tǒ / tō͘ / tǎu

(Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): dau (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): dau⁵ / dau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dào
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dào
  - Wade–Giles: tao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (道兒／道儿)⁺
  - Pinyin: dàor
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawl
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàor
  - Wade–Giles: taorh⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

Note: “dàor” is used when as a lemma in senses a) “way, path, road” b) “thin line” c) “unit of measure which equals to 10 μm”.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: dao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: до (do, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dou⁶, dou³
  - Yale: douh, dou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶, dou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶, dou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/, /tou̯³³/

Note: dou3 - only used in 知道.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: au⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /au³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tau⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tho
  - Hakka Romanization System: to
  - Hagfa Pinyim: to⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: to⁴ / tau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵³/, /tʰau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tau⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dô̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
  - Tâi-lô: tō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /to³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: tǒo
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /tɔ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Hui'an): /tɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ
  - Tâi-lô: tǒ
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Hui'an): /to²²/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /to³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: do
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎu
  - Tâi-lô: tǎu
  - IPA (Longyan): /tau⁵³/

Note: tō͘ - vernacular (俗).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: dau (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dau⁵ / dau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒu²¹/, /tɒu⁴⁵/

Note:

dau5 - vernacular;
dau4 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /dɑu^X/

Rime
Character	道
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw^X/
Li Rong	/dɑu^X/
Wang Li	/dɑu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kə.l]ˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'uːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	道
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dào
Middle Chinese	‹ daw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/
English	way
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	道
Reading #	1/1
No.	11669
Phonetic component	首
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	道
Old Chinese	/*l'uːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

道

way; path; road
道路 ― dàolù ― road
(historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies
method; principle
(Buddhism) the Marga; the Way of bodhi or enlightenment leading to nirvana through spiritual stages
(philosophy, Taoism) the Way; the Tao; the Dao: the way of nature and/or the ideal way to live one's life
(Christianity) Logos; the Word
Short for 道教 (Dàojiào, “Taoism”).
Short for 道士 (dàoshì, “Taoist priest”).
(religion) doctrine; teachings
傳道 / 传道 ― chuándào ― to preach
to say; to utter
能說會道 / 能说会道 ― néngshuōhuìdào ― can talk really well (idiom)
Classifier for long things.
一道閃電 / 一道闪电 ― yī dào shǎndiàn ― a bolt of lightning

一道河 ― yī dào hé ― a river

一道縫 / 一道缝 ― yī dào féng ― a crack

一道彩虹 ― yī dào cǎihóng ― a rainbow
Classifier for barriers.
一道籬笆 / 一道篱笆 ― yī dào líbā ― a fence
Classifier for courses in a meal: dish
一道菜 ― yī dào cài ― a dish of food
Classifier for questions (in an exam), orders or proclamations.
一道公文 ― yī dào gōngwén ― a proclamation

一道命令 ― yī dào mìnglìng ― an order
A surname.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 路 (“road; path”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		路, 道路
Mandarin	Beijing	道兒, 路
	Taiwan	路
	Tianjin	路, 道
	Tangshan	路
	Cangzhou	路
	Baoding	路, 道兒
	Shijiazhuang	路
	Chifeng	路
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	路
	Harbin	路, 道兒
	Shenyang	路
	Muping	道
	Qingdao	路, 道兒
	Weifang (Weicheng)	路
	Weifang (Fangzi)	路
	Weifang (Hanting)	道兒, 道路兒
	Changyi	道兒
	Gaomi	道兒, 路
	Zhucheng	路
	Anqiu	路
	Changle	道兒
	Linqu	道兒
	Qingzhou	道兒
	Shouguang	道兒
	Wulian	路
	Jinan	道, 路
	Luoyang	路
	Wanrong	路
	Zhengzhou	路
	Xi'an	路
	Yinchuan	路
	Lanzhou	路
	Xining	路
	Ürümqi	路
	Yanqi	路
	Wuhan	路
	Chengdu	路
	Chongqing	路
	Guiyang	路
	Kunming	路
	Guilin	路
	Pingle	路
	Liuzhou	路
	Luzhai	路
	Nanning (Wuming)	路
	Binyang (Nanjie)	路
	Yizhou	路, 半邊路
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	路
	Tianlin (Langping)	路
	Xuzhou	路
	Yangzhou	路
	Nanjing	路
	Hefei	路
	Nantong	路
	Singapore	路
Cantonese	Guangzhou	路
	Hong Kong	路
	Taishan	路
	Taishan (Guanghai)	路
	Dongguan	路
	Yunfu	路
	Yangjiang	路
	Maoming (Xinpo)	路
	Nanning	路
	Wuzhou	路
	Yulin	路
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	路
	Hepu (Shatian)	路
	Guiping (Jintian)	路
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	路
	Guiping (Madong)	路
	Baise	路
	Qinzhou	路
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	路
	Beihai	路
	Beihai (Nankang)	路
	Beihai (Yingpan)	路
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	路
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	路
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	路
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	路
	Fusui (Qujiu)	路
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	路
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	路
	Singapore (Guangfu)	路
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	路
	Móng Cái	路
	Mandalay (Taishan)	路
Gan	Nanchang	路
	Pengze	路
	Lichuan	路
	Pingxiang	路
Hakka	Meixian	路
	Yudu	路
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	路
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	路
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	路
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	路
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	路
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	路
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	路
	Bobai (Shahe)	路
	Bobai (Longtan)	路
	Bobai (Lingping)	路
	Beiliu (Gonghe)	路
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	路
	Senai (Huiyang)	路
	Singkawang	路
Huizhou	Jixi	路
Huizhou	Shexian	路
Jin	Taiyuan	道兒, 路, 路兒
	Datong	路, 道兒
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	路
	Xinzhou	道, 路
	Changzhi	路
	Linhe	路
	Jining	路
	Hohhot	路
	Zhangjiakou	路
	Handan	路
Min Bei	Jian'ou	墿
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	墿
	Songxi	墿
	Zhenghe	墿
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	墿
	Jianyang	墿
	Wuyishan	墿
	Pucheng (Shibei)	路
Min Dong	Fuzhou	墿
	Changle	墿
	Lianjiang	墿
	Fuqing	墿
	Yongtai	墿
	Minqing	墿
	Gutian	墿
	Luoyuan	墿
	Fu'an	墿
	Ningde	墿
	Shouning	墿
	Zhouning	墿
	Fuding	墿
	Matsu	墿
Min Nan	Xiamen	路
	Quanzhou	路
	Yongchun	路
	Zhangzhou	路
	Zhao'an	路
	Tainan	路
	Singapore (Hokkien)	路
	Manila (Hokkien)	路
	Longyan	路
	Datian	路
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	路
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	路
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	路
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	路
	Guilin (Biyange)	路
	Chaozhou	路
	Bangkok (Teochew)	路
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	路
	Singapore (Teochew)	路
	Leizhou	路
	Haikou	路
Puxian Min	Putian	墿
	Putian (Donghai)	墿
	Putian (Jiangkou)	墿
	Putian (Nanri)	墿
	Xianyou	墿
	Xianyou (Fengting)	墿
	Xianyou (Youyang)	墿
Min Zhong	Yong'an	墿
	Shaxian	墿
	Yanping (Wangtai)	墿
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	路
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	路
	Guilin (Dabu)	路
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	路
	Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui)	路
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	路
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	路
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	路
Shehua	Fu'an	路
	Fuding	路
	Luoyuan	路
	Sanming	路
	Shunchang	路
	Hua'an	路
	Guixi (Zhangping)	路
	Cangnan	路
	Jingning	路
	Lishui	路
	Longyou	路
	Chaozhou	路
	Fengshun	路
Wu	Shanghai	路
	Shanghai (Chongming)	路
	Suzhou	路
	Danyang	路
	Hangzhou	路
	Ningbo	路
	Wenzhou	路
	Jinhua	路
	Yiwu	路
Xiang	Changsha	路
	Loudi	路
	Shuangfeng	路
	Quanzhou	路

Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		說
Mandarin	Beijing	說
	Taiwan	說, 講
	Tianjin	說
	Jinan	說
	Xi'an	說
	Wuhan	說
	Chengdu	說
	Guilin	講
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	講
	Hefei	講
	Malaysia	說, 講
	Singapore	說, 講
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	說
	Pematangsiantar	講
Cantonese	Guangzhou	講, 話
	Hong Kong	講, 話
	Macau	講, 話
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	講, 話
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	講
	Taishan	話
	Taishan (Guanghai)	講
	Yunfu	話
	Yangjiang	講, 話
	Beihai	講
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	講
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	講
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	講
	Danzhou	講
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	講, 話
	Penang (Guangfu)	講, 話
	Singapore (Guangfu)	講, 話
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	講
	Móng Cái	講
	Mandalay (Taishan)	講
Gan	Nanchang	話
Hakka	Meixian	講, 話
	Wuhua (Meilin)	講
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	講
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	講
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	講
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	講
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	講
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	講
	Kuching (Hepo)	講
	Singapore (Dabu)	講
Huizhou	Jixi	講
Jin	Taiyuan	說
Min Bei	Jian'ou	話
Min Dong	Fuzhou	講
	Fuqing	講
	Singapore (Fuqing)	講
Min Nan	Xiamen	講
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	講
	Quanzhou	說
	Jinjiang	說
	Shishi	說, 講
	Zhangzhou	講
	Zhao'an	呾, 講
	Dongshan	講
	Taipei	講
	Kaohsiung	講
	Tainan	講
	Penang (Hokkien)	講
	Singapore (Hokkien)	講
	Manila (Hokkien)	說, 講
	Chaozhou	呾
	Shantou	呾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	呾
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	呾
	Jieyang	呾
	Lufeng	講
	Haifeng	講
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	呾
	Singapore (Teochew)	呾
	Pontianak (Teochew)	呾
	Leizhou	講
	Wenchang	講
	Haikou	講
	Qionghai	講
	Singapore (Hainanese)	講
Puxian Min	Putian	講
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	講, 說
Wu	Shanghai	講
	Suzhou	講, 說
	Hangzhou	說, 話, 講
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	講, 話
	Ningbo	講, 話
	Wenzhou	講
Xiang	Changsha	講
	Xiangtan	講
	Xiangxiang	講
	Xiangxiang (Meiqiao)	講
	Shuangfeng	曰, 講

Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“classifier for bridges”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		座
Mandarin	Beijing	座
	Taiwan	座
	Jinan	座
	Xi'an	座, 個, 架
	Wuhan	道
	Chengdu	道, 座, 架
	Yangzhou	道
	Hefei	道
Cantonese	Guangzhou	度, 戙
	Hong Kong	條, 座
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	度
	Macau	座
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	度, 戙
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	度
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	戙
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	度
	Foshan	戙
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	戙
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戙
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戙
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	度
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	度
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	度
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	戙
	Taishan	對
	Kaiping (Chikan)	度
	Enping (Niujiang)	獨
	Heshan (Yayao)	度
	Dongguan	度
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	度
	Yangjiang	度
Gan	Nanchang	道
Hakka	Meixian	座
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	度
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	度
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	度
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	度
	Conghua (Lütian)	條
Jin	Taiyuan	座
Min Bei	Jian'ou	座
Min Dong	Fuzhou	條
Min Nan	Xiamen	座
Min Nan	Chaozhou	條
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	條
Wu	Suzhou	頂
Wu	Wenzhou	爿, 條
Xiang	Changsha	座, 隻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	條, 座

Dialectal synonyms of 扇 (“classifier for doors”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		扇, 道
Mandarin	Beijing	扇兒
	Muping	扇, 道
	Jinan	扇
	Luoyang	扇
	Xi'an	扇兒, 扇, 道
	Yinchuan	扇
	Xining	扇, 道
	Ürümqi	道
	Wuhan	扇, 道
	Chengdu	扇, 道
	Guiyang	扇
	Guilin	扇
	Liuzhou	扇, 道
	Xuzhou	扇兒, 扇, 道
	Yangzhou	扇
	Nanjing	扇
	Hefei	扇
Cantonese	Guangzhou	度
	Hong Kong	度
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	隻
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	度
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	隻
	Taishan	度
	Dongguan	度
	Yangjiang	扇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	扇
Gan	Nanchang	扇
Gan	Pingxiang	扇
Hakka	Meixian	扇, 皮
	Yudu	扇
	Hong Kong	隻
	Senai (Huiyang)	扇
Jin	Taiyuan	扇, 道
Jin	Xinzhou	扇
Min Bei	Jian'ou	扇
Min Dong	Fuzhou	扇
Min Nan	Xiamen	扇
	Quanzhou	扇
	Zhangzhou	扇
	Kaohsiung	片
	Yilan	扇
	Changhua (Lukang)	扇
	Taichung	片
	Taichung (Wuqi)	扇
	Tainan	片
	Taitung	片
	Hsinchu	片
	Penghu (Magong)	扇
	Chaozhou	片
	Bangkok (Teochew)	片
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	扇
	Haikou	片
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	扇
Wu	Shanghai	扇
	Suzhou	扇
	Ningbo	扇
	Wenzhou	爿
Xiang	Changsha	扇, 張, 隻
Xiang	Shuangfeng	扇

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 道

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (道):

→ Japanese: 道(どう) (dō)
→ Korean: 도 (道, do)
→ Vietnamese: đạo (道)

Pronunciation 2Edit

trad.		道
simp. ^#		道

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dǎo (dao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dao
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dǎo
  - Wade–Giles: tao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤuʔ-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	道
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ daw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁuʔ-s/
English	show the way
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

DefinitionsEdit

道

^† Alternative form of 導／导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”).
- 其諫我也似子，其道我也似父，是以歎也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其谏我也似子，其道我也似父，是以叹也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Qí jiàn wǒ yě sì zǐ, qí dǎo wǒ yě sì fù, shì yǐ tàn yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

ReferencesEdit

“道”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04159

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

道

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

road; way

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō ^†)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
Kun: みち (michi, 道, Jōyō)
Nanori: さ (sa); じ (ji); ど (do); みつ (mitsu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

合(あい)気(き)道(どう) (aikidō, “aikido”)
道(どう)具(ぐ) (dōgu, “tool”)
道(どう)路(ろ) (dōro, “road”)
道(どう)徳(とく) (dōtoku, “ethics”)
報(ほう)道(どう) (hōdō, “broadcast”)
柔(じゅう)道(どう) (jūdō, “judo”)
軌(き)道(どう) (kidō, “orbit”)
赤(せき)道(どう) (sekidō, “equator”)
食(しょく)道(どう) (shokudō, “oesophagus”)
水(すい)道(どう) (suidō, “water supply”)
鉄(てつ)道(どう) (tetsudō, “railway”)
道(どう)教(きょう) (dōkyō, “Taoism”)
道(どう)理(り) (dōri, “rational”)
道(どう)州(しゅう)制(せい) (dōshūsei, “wide-area administration”)
書(しょ)道(どう) (shodō, “calligraphy”)
武(ぶ)道(どう) (budō, “budo”)
跆(たい)拳(けん)道(どう) (taikendō, “taekwondo”)
空(から)手(て)道(どう) (karatedō, “karate”)
茶(さ)道(どう) (sadō, “tea ceremony”)
華(か)道(どう) (kadō, “flower arrangement”)
花(か)道(どう) (kadō, “flower arrangement”)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
道
どう Grade: 2
goon

/dau/ → /dɔː/ → /doː/

From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑu^X). Compare modern Mandarin 道 (dào), Cantonese 道 (dou⁶).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) どー [dóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [do̞ː]

NounEdit

道(どう) • (dō) ^{←だう (dau)^?}

Tao (the way of nature), Taoism
(chiefly historical) a region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures
Feudal Japan was divided into several dō; the only remaining dō is Hokkaidō. (Often translated as circuit.)

Proper nounEdit

道(どう) • (Dō) ^{←だう (dau)^?}

A surname.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
道
ち Grade: 2
Irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry.

【路ち】3

[suffix] (obsolete) attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place

(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
道
じ Grade: 2
Irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry.

【路じ】3

[suffix] a road, a street

[suffix] attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place

[suffix] attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time

(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
道
みち Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
路 (uncommon) 途 (rare) 径 (rare)

Originally a compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) +‎ 路 (chi, “road, street, way”).^[3] The prefix mi was in reference to the 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) of roads. Perhaps also cognate with *miti, a potentially road-related element found in Old Korean toponyms.^[4]

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) みち [mìchí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [mʲit͡ɕi]

NounEdit

道(みち) • (michi)

a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
道(みち)を歩(ある)く
michi o aruku
to walk down a road
(figuratively) a road, a path
勝(しょう)利(り)への道(みち)
shōri e no michi
the path to victory
a way of doing something
使(つか)い道(みち)がわからないもの
tsukaimichi ga wakaranai mono
something whose method of usage is not known

Usage notesEdit

This is the most common term for “road”, “street”, or “way” in modern Japanese.

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

道(みち)の駅(えき) (michi no eki): a rest stop along a highway
一(いっ)本(ぽん)道(みち) (ippon-michi)

Proper nounEdit

道(みち) • (Michi)

A female given name
A surname.

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
道
Grade: 2
Irregular

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper nounEdit

道(おさむ) or 道(すすむ) or 道(ただし) or 道(ただす) or 道(なおし) or 道(まこと) or 道(みちひろ) or 道(もとい) or 道(わたる) • (Osamu or Susumu or Tadashi or Tadasu or Naoshi or Makoto or Michihiro or Motoi or Wataru)

A male given name

Proper nounEdit

道(たお) or 道(とおる) or 道(ふみ) • (Tao or Tōru or Fumi)

A female given name

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
^ Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎^[1] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, DOI:10.1075/kl.15.2.03vov, pages 222-240.

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑu^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	또ᇢ〯 (Yale: ttwǒw)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[3]	길〮 (Yale: kíl)	도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [도(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

道

Wikisource

道 (eumhun 길 도 (gil do))

Hanja form^? of 도 (“principle, reason; moral”). [noun]
Hanja form^? of 도 (“province”). [noun]
Hanja form^? of 도 (“road; path”). [affix]

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

도덕 (道德, dodeok)
도교 (道敎, dogyo)
도장 (道場, dojang)
도리 (道理, dori)
도로 (道路, doro)
갱도 (坑道, gaengdo)
보도 (報道, bodo)
철도 (鐵道, cheoldo)
국도 (國道, gukdo)
인도 (人道, indo)
적도 (赤道, jeokdo)
전도 (傳道, jeondo)
전도 (全道, jeondo)
신도 (神道, sindo)
유도 (柔道, yudo)
태권도 (跆拳道, taegwondo)
절권도 (截拳道, jeolgwondo)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

道: Hán Việt readings: đạo (杜(đỗ)皓(hạo)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], dạo^[4]
道: Nôm readings: dạo^[1]^[2]^[3]^[6]^[4]^[5]^[7], đạo^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[7], đảo^[2], nhạo^[3]

chữ Hán form of đạo (“code of conduct; religion”).
Nôm form of dạo (“to walk; to stroll”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
^ Hồ (1976).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[KDJ-3] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[4] Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎^[1] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, DOI:10.1075/kl.15.2.03vov, pages 222-240.

[tdcndg-5] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-6] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-7] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[bonet-8] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-9] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-10] Hồ (1976).

[taberd-11] 7.0 ^7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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