道

Gw u9053.svg
道 U+9053, 道
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9053
← 遒
[U+9052] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 達 →
[U+9054]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

道 (radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜廿竹山 (YTHU), four-corner 38306, composition ⿺辶首)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1262, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39010
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1754, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3864, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9053

ChineseEdit

trad. 道
simp. # 道
alternative forms
 
噵
衜
衟
𡬹
𨔞
噵
衜
衟
𡬹
𨔞
𨕐
𨕥
𨖁
𨗓
辺 second round simplified
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 道 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • Tao (English)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 道
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
道 *l'uːʔ
導 *duːs
首 *hljuʔ, *hljus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

EtymologyEdit

Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):

  • > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
  • > "road, way".

Cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: “dàor” is used when as a lemma in senses a) “way, path, road” b) “thin line” c) “unit of measure which equals to 10 μm”.
Note: dou3 - only used in 知道.
Note: tō͘ - vernacular (俗).
Note:
  • dau5 - vernacular;
  • dau4 - literary.
Rime
Character 道
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dawX/
Li
Rong 		/dɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/dɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dào
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 道 道
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎo dào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dawH › ‹ dawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁuʔ-s/ /*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/
English show the way way

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 道
Reading # 1/1
No. 11669
Phonetic
component 		首
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		道
Old
Chinese 		/*l'uːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

道

  1. way; path; road
    道路  ―  dàolù  ―  road
  2. (historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies
  3. method; principle
  4. (Buddhism) the Marga; the Way of bodhi or enlightenment leading to nirvana through spiritual stages
  5. (philosophy, Taoism) the Way; the Tao; the Dao: the way of nature and/or the ideal way to live one's life
  6. (Christianity) Logos; the Word
  7. Short for 道教 (Dàojiào, “Taoism”).
  8. Short for 道士 (dàoshì, “Taoist priest”).
  9. (religion) doctrine; teachings
    傳道 / 传道  ―  chuándào  ―  to preach
  10. to say; to utter
    能說會道 / 能说会道  ―  néngshuōhuìdào  ―  can talk really well (idiom)
  11. Classifier for long things.
    一道閃電 / 一道闪电  ―  yī dào shǎndiàn  ―  a bolt of lightning
    一道河  ―  yī dào hé  ―  a river
    一道縫 / 一道缝  ―  yī dào féng  ―  a crack
    一道彩虹  ―  yī dào cǎihóng  ―  a rainbow
  12. Classifier for barriers.
    一道籬笆 / 一道篱笆  ―  yī dào líbā  ―  a fence
  13. Classifier for courses in a meal: dish
    一道菜  ―  yī dào cài  ―  a dish of food
  14. Classifier for questions (in an exam), orders or proclamations.
    一道公文  ―  yī dào gōngwén  ―  a proclamation
    一道命令  ―  yī dào mìnglìng  ―  an order
  15. A surname​.
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 路 (“road; path”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 路, 道路
Mandarin Beijing 道兒, 路
Taiwan 路
Tianjin 路, 道
Tangshan 路
Cangzhou 路
Baoding 路, 道兒
Shijiazhuang 路
Chifeng 路
Hailar 路
Harbin 路, 道兒
Shenyang 路
Muping 道
Qingdao 路, 道兒
Weicheng 路
Fangzi 路
Hanting 道兒, 道路兒
Changyi 道兒
Gaomi 道兒, 路
Zhucheng 路
Anqiu 路
Changle 道兒
Linqu 道兒
Qingzhou 道兒
Shouguang 道兒
Wulian 路
Jinan 道, 路
Luoyang 路
Wanrong 路
Zhengzhou 路
Xi'an 路
Yinchuan 路
Lanzhou 路
Xining 路
Ürümqi 路
Wuhan 路
Chengdu 路
Chongqing 路
Guiyang 路
Kunming 路
Guilin 路
Pingle 路
Liuzhou 路
Luzhai 路
Wuming 路
Binyang (Nanjie) 路
Yizhou 路, 半邊路
Luocheng (Dongmen) 路
Tianlin (Langping) 路
Xuzhou 路
Yangzhou 路
Nanjing 路
Hefei 路
Nantong 路
Singapore 路
Cantonese Guangzhou 路
Hong Kong 路
Taishan 路
Dongguan 路
Yunfu 路
Yangjiang 路
Maoming (Xinpo) 路
Nanning 路
Wuzhou 路
Yulin 路
Hepu (Lianzhou) 路
Guiping (Jintian) 路
Guiping (Jiangkou) 路
Guiping (Madong) 路
Baise 路
Qinzhou 路
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 路
Beihai 路
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 路
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 路
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 路
Chongzuo (Laituan) 路
Fusui (Qujiu) 路
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 路
Singapore (Guangfu) 路
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 路
Móng Cái 路
Gan Nanchang 路
Lichuan 路
Pingxiang 路
Pengze 路
Hakka Meixian 路
Yudu 路
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 路
Liudui (S. Sixian) 路
Hsinchu (Hailu) 路
Dongshi (Dabu) 路
Hsinchu (Raoping) 路
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 路
Luchuan (Daqiao) 路
Bobai (Shahe) 路
Bobai (Longtan) 路
Bobai (Lingping) 路
Beiliu (Gonghe) 路
Lingui (Xiaojiang) 路
Senai (Huiyang) 路
Singkawang 路
Huizhou Jixi 路
Shexian 路
Jin Taiyuan 道兒, 路
Datong 路, 道兒
Yunzhou (Xicetian) 路
Xinzhou 道, 路
Changzhi 路
Linhe 路
Jining 路
Hohhot 路
Zhangjiakou 路
Handan 路
Min Bei Jian'ou 墿
Jian'ou (Dikou) 墿
Songxi 墿
Zhenghe 墿
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 墿
Jianyang 墿
Wuyishan 墿
Pucheng (Shibei) 路
Min Dong Fuzhou 墿
Changle 墿
Lianjiang 墿
Fuqing 墿
Yongtai 墿
Minqing 墿
Gutian 墿
Luoyuan 墿
Fu'an 墿
Ningde 墿
Shouning 墿
Zhouning 墿
Fuding 墿
Matsu 墿
Min Nan Xiamen 路
Quanzhou 路
Yongchun 路
Zhangzhou 路
Zhao'an 路
Tainan 路
Singapore (Hokkien) 路
Manila (Hokkien) 路
Longyan 路
Datian 路
Pingnan (Shangdu) 路
Pingnan (Pingtian) 路
Guiping (Xiaowen) 路
Guiping (Dongsheng) 路
Guilin (Biyange) 路
Chaozhou 路
Bangkok (Teochew) 路
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 路
Singapore (Teochew) 路
Leizhou 路
Haikou 路
Puxian Min Putian 墿
Xianyou 墿
Min Zhong Yong'an 墿
Shaxian 墿
Yanping (Wangtai) 墿
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 路
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 路
Guilin (Dabu) 路
Lingui (Wutong) 路
Lingui (Liangjiang) 路
Lingui (Liutang) 路
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 路
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 路
Shehua Fu'an 路
Fuding 路
Luoyuan 路
Sanming 路
Shunchang 路
Hua'an 路
Guixi 路
Cangnan 路
Jingning 路
Lishui 路
Longyou 路
Chaozhou 路
Fengshun 路
Wu Shanghai 路
Chongming 路
Suzhou 路
Danyang 路
Hangzhou 路
Ningbo 路
Wenzhou 路
Jinhua 路
Xiang Changsha 路
Shuangfeng 路
Loudi 路
Quanzhou 路
Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說
Mandarin Beijing 說
Taiwan 說, 講
Tianjin 說
Jinan 說
Xi'an 說
Wuhan 說
Chengdu 說
Guilin 講
Hefei 講
Malaysia 講, 說
Singapore 講, 說
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
Pematangsiantar 講
Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
Hong Kong 講, 話
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
Doumen 講
Yunfu 話
Yangjiang 講, 話
Beihai 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
Danzhou 講
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
Móng Cái 講
Gan Nanchang 話
Hakka Meixian 講, 話
Wuhua (Meilin) 講
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
Liudui (S. Sixian) 講
Hsinchu (Hailu) 講
Dongshi (Dabu) 講
Hsinchu (Raoping) 講
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 講
Huizhou Jixi 講
Jin Taiyuan 說
Min Bei Jian'ou 話
Min Dong Fuzhou 講
Min Nan Xiamen 講
Tong'an 講
Quanzhou 說
Jinjiang 說
Zhangzhou 講
Zhao'an 呾, 講
Dongshan 講
Taipei 講
Kaohsiung 講
Tainan 講
Penang (Hokkien) 講
Singapore (Hokkien) 講
Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
Chaozhou 呾
Shantou 呾
Chenghai 呾
Chaoyang 呾
Jieyang 呾
Lufeng 講
Haifeng 講
Singapore (Teochew) 呾
Leizhou 講
Wenchang 講
Haikou 講
Qionghai 講
Singapore (Hainanese) 講
Puxian Min Putian 講
Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
Wu Shanghai 講
Suzhou 講, 說
Wenzhou 講
Xiang Changsha 講
Shuangfeng 曰, 講
Dialectal synonyms of 扇 (“classifier for doors”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 扇, 道
Mandarin Beijing 扇兒
Muping 扇, 道
Jinan 扇
Luoyang 扇
Xi'an 扇兒, 扇, 道
Yinchuan 扇
Xining 扇, 道
Ürümqi 道
Wuhan 扇, 道
Chengdu 扇, 道
Guiyang 扇
Guilin 扇
Liuzhou 扇, 道
Xuzhou 扇兒, 扇, 道
Yangzhou 扇
Nanjing 扇
Hefei 扇
Cantonese Guangzhou 道
Hong Kong 道
Dongguan 道
Yangjiang 扇
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 扇
Gan Nanchang 扇
Pingxiang 扇
Hakka Meixian 扇, 皮
Yudu 扇
Senai (Huiyang) 扇
Jin Taiyuan 扇, 道
Xinzhou 扇
Min Bei Jian'ou 扇
Min Dong Fuzhou 扇
Min Nan Xiamen 扇
Quanzhou 扇
Zhangzhou 扇
Kaohsiung 片
Tainan 片
Taichung 片
Wuqi 扇
Hsinchu 片
Taitung 片
Lukang 扇
Yilan 扇
Magong 扇
Chaozhou 片
Bangkok (Teochew) 片
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 扇
Haikou 片
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 扇
Wu Shanghai 扇
Suzhou 扇
Ningbo 扇
Wenzhou 爿
Xiang Changsha 扇, 張, 隻
Shuangfeng 扇

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 道

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (道):
  • → Japanese: 道(どう) (dō)
  • → Korean: 도 (道, do)
  • → Vietnamese: đạo (道)

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

道

  1. † Alternative form of 導／导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”).

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

道

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. road; way

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
道
どう
Grade: 2
goon

/dau/ → /dɔː/ → /doː/

From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑuX). Compare modern Mandarin 道 (dào), Cantonese 道 (dou6).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

道(どう) • (dō) ←だう (dau)?

  1. Tao (the way of nature), Taoism
  2. (chiefly historical) a region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures
    Feudal Japan was divided into several dō; the only remaining dō is Hokkaidō. (Often translated as circuit.)

Proper nounEdit

道(どう) • (Dō) ←だう (dau)?

  1. A surname​.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
道
ち
Grade: 2
Irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry.
【路ち】3
[suffix] (obsolete) attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
道
じ
Grade: 2
Irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry.
【路じ】3
[suffix] a road, a street
[suffix] attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
[suffix] attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time
(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
道
みち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
路 (uncommon)
途 (rare)
径 (rare)

Originally a compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) +‎ 路 (chi, “road, street, way”).[3] The prefix mi was in reference to the 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) of roads. Perhaps also cognate with *miti, a potentially road-related element found in Old Korean toponyms.[4]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

道(みち) • (michi) 

  1. a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
    道(みち)を歩(ある)く
    michi o aruku
    to walk down a road
  2. (figuratively) a road, a path
    勝(しょう)利(り)への道(みち)
    shōri e no michi
    the path to victory
  3. a way of doing something
    使(つか)い道(みち)がわからないもの
    tsukaimichi ga wakaranai mono
    something whose method of usage is not known
Usage notesEdit

This is the most common term for “road”, “street”, or “way” in modern Japanese.

Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Proper nounEdit

道(みち) • (Michi) 

  1. A female given name
  2. A surname​.

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
道
Grade: 2
Irregular

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper nounEdit

道(おさむ) or 道(すすむ) or 道(ただし) or 道(ただす) or 道(なおし) or 道(まこと) or 道(みちひろ) or 道(もとい) or 道(わたる) • (Osamu or Susumu or Tadashi or Tadasu or Naoshi or Makoto or Michihiro or Motoi or Wataru) 

  1. A male given name

Proper nounEdit

道(たお) or 道(とおる) or 道(ふみ) • (Tao or Tōru or Fumi) 

  1. A female given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  4. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2013) , “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎[1] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, DOI:10.1075/kl.15.2.03vov, pages 222-240.

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑuX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 또ᇢ〯 (Yale: ttwǒv)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 길〮 (Yale: kíl) 도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

PronunciationEdit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞ː]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [도ː]
    • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

道 (eumhun 길 도 (gil do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“principle; method”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 도 (“doctrine; teachings”). [noun]
  3. Hanja form? of 도 (“(government) province”). [noun]

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

道: Hán Việt readings: đạo (杜(đỗ)皓(hạo)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], dạo[4]
道: Nôm readings: dạo[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], đạo[1][2][3][4][7], đảo[2], nhạo[3]

  1. Hán tự form of đạo (“code of conduct; religion”).
  2. Nôm form of dạo (“to walk; to stroll”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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