道
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
道 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜廿竹山 (YTHU), four-corner 38306, composition ⿺辶首)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1262, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39010
- Dae Jaweon: page 1754, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3864, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9053
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 道 | |||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).
EtymologyEdit
Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):
- > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
- > "road, way".
Cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).
Pronunciation 1Edit
trad. | 道 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 道 | |
2nd round simp. | 辺 | |
alternative forms |
DefinitionsEdit
道
- way; path; road
- 道路 ― dàolù ― road
- (historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies
- method; principle
- (Buddhism) the Marga; the Way of bodhi or enlightenment leading to nirvana through spiritual stages
- (philosophy, Taoism) the Way; the Tao; the Dao: the way of nature and/or the ideal way to live one's life
- (Christianity) Logos; the Word
- Short for 道教 (Dàojiào, “Taoism”).
- Short for 道士 (dàoshì, “Taoist priest”).
- (religion) doctrine; teachings
- to say; to utter
- Classifier for long things.
- Classifier for barriers.
- Classifier for courses in a meal: dish
- Classifier for questions (in an exam), orders or proclamations.
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 座 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 座 |
Taiwan | 座 | |
Jinan | 座 | |
Xi'an | 座, 個, 架 | |
Wuhan | 道 | |
Chengdu | 道, 座, 架 | |
Yangzhou | 道 | |
Hefei | 道 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 度, 戙 |
Hong Kong | 條, 座 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 度 | |
Macau | 座 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 度, 戙 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 度 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 戙 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 度 | |
Foshan | 戙 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 戙 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 戙 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 戙 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 度 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 度 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 度 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 戙 | |
Taishan | 對 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 度 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 獨 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 度 | |
Dongguan | 度 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 度 | |
Yangjiang | 度 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 道 |
Hakka | Meixian | 座 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 度 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 度 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 度 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 度 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 條 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 座 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 座 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 條 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 座 |
Chaozhou | 條 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 條 |
Wu | Suzhou | 頂 |
Wenzhou | 爿, 條 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 座, 隻 |
Shuangfeng | 條, 座 |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 扇, 道 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 扇兒 |
Muping | 扇, 道 | |
Jinan | 扇 | |
Luoyang | 扇 | |
Xi'an | 扇兒, 扇, 道 | |
Yinchuan | 扇 | |
Xining | 扇, 道 | |
Ürümqi | 道 | |
Wuhan | 扇, 道 | |
Chengdu | 扇, 道 | |
Guiyang | 扇 | |
Guilin | 扇 | |
Liuzhou | 扇, 道 | |
Xuzhou | 扇兒, 扇, 道 | |
Yangzhou | 扇 | |
Nanjing | 扇 | |
Hefei | 扇 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 度 |
Hong Kong | 度 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 隻 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 度 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 隻 | |
Taishan | 度 | |
Dongguan | 度 | |
Yangjiang | 扇 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 扇 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 扇 |
Pingxiang | 扇 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 扇, 皮 |
Yudu | 扇 | |
Hong Kong | 隻 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 扇 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 扇, 道 |
Xinzhou | 扇 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 扇 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 扇 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 扇 |
Quanzhou | 扇 | |
Zhangzhou | 扇 | |
Kaohsiung | 片 | |
Yilan | 扇 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 扇 | |
Taichung | 片 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 扇 | |
Tainan | 片 | |
Taitung | 片 | |
Hsinchu | 片 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 扇 | |
Chaozhou | 片 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 片 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 扇 | |
Haikou | 片 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 扇 |
Wu | Shanghai | 扇 |
Suzhou | 扇 | |
Ningbo | 扇 | |
Wenzhou | 爿 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 扇, 張, 隻 |
Shuangfeng | 扇 |
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
trad. | 道 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 道 |
DefinitionsEdit
道
ReferencesEdit
- “道”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04159
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)←だう (dau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō †)←たう (tau, historical)
- Kun: みち (michi, 道, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さ (sa); じ (ji); ど (do); みつ (mitsu)
CompoundsEdit
- 合気道 (aikidō, “aikido”)
- 道具 (dōgu, “tool”)
- 道路 (dōro, “road”)
- 道徳 (dōtoku, “ethics”)
- 報道 (hōdō, “broadcast”)
- 柔道 (jūdō, “judo”)
- 軌道 (kidō, “orbit”)
- 赤道 (sekidō, “equator”)
- 食道 (shokudō, “oesophagus”)
- 水道 (suidō, “water supply”)
- 鉄道 (tetsudō, “railway”)
- 道教 (dōkyō, “Taoism”)
- 道理 (dōri, “rational”)
- 道州制 (dōshūsei, “wide-area administration”)
- 書道 (shodō, “calligraphy”)
- 武道 (budō, “budo”)
- 跆拳道 (taikendō, “taekwondo”)
- 空手道 (karatedō, “karate”)
- 茶道 (sadō, “tea ceremony”)
- 華道 (kadō, “flower arrangement”)
- 花道 (kadō, “flower arrangement”)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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道 |
どう Grade: 2 |
goon |
/dau/ → /dɔː/ → /doː/
From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑuX). Compare modern Mandarin 道 (dào), Cantonese 道 (dou6).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- Tao (the way of nature), Taoism
- (chiefly historical) a region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures
Proper nounEdit
- A surname.
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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道 |
ち Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
道 |
じ Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 道 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 道, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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道 |
みち Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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路 (uncommon) 途 (rare) 径 (rare) |
Originally a compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) + 路 (chi, “road, street, way”).[3] The prefix mi was in reference to the 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) of roads. Perhaps also cognate with *miti, a potentially road-related element found in Old Korean toponyms.[4]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
- 道を歩く
- michi o aruku
- to walk down a road
- 道を歩く
- (figuratively) a road, a path
- 勝利への道
- shōri e no michi
- the path to victory
- 勝利への道
- a way of doing something
- 使い道がわからないもの
- tsukaimichi ga wakaranai mono
- something whose method of usage is not known
- 使い道がわからないもの
Usage notesEdit
This is the most common term for “road”, “street”, or “way” in modern Japanese.
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- A female given name
- A surname.
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
道 |
Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
Used as ateji in various names.
Proper nounEdit
道 or 道 or 道 or 道 or 道 or 道 or 道 or 道 or 道 • (Osamu or Susumu or Tadashi or Tadasu or Naoshi or Makoto or Michihiro or Motoi or Wataru)
- A male given name
Proper nounEdit
道 or 道 or 道 • (Tao or Tōru or Fumi)
- A female given name
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics[1] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, DOI: , pages 222-240.
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑuX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 또ᇢ〯 (Yale: ttwǒw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 길〮 (Yale: kíl) | 도〯 (Yale: twǒ) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [도(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 도 (“principle, reason; moral”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 도 (“province”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 도 (“road; path”). [affix]
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
道: Hán Việt readings: đạo (
道: Nôm readings: dạo[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], đạo[1][2][3][4][7], đảo[2], nhạo[3]