U+9053, 道
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9053

[U+9052]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9054]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 162, +9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜廿竹山 (YTHU), four-corner 38306, composition)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1262, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39010
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1754, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3864, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9053

ChineseEdit

 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic (walking) + phonetic (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

EtymologyEdit

Possibly derived from (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):

  • > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
  • > "road, way".

Cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (road, way) (White Hmong kev (road)). See also (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus). Compare also with Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, to walk).

Pronunciation 1Edit

trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp.
alternative forms


Note: “dàor” is used when as a lemma in senses a) “way, path, road” b) “thin line” c) “unit of measure which equals to 10 μm”.
Note:
  • dou3 - only used in 知道;
  • dou6-2 - only used in local pronunciation of 堅道 (Caine Road, Hong Kong).
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Note: tō͘ - vernacular (俗).
    Note:
    • dau5 - vernacular;
    • dau4 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (89)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dɑuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dɑuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dɑuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dawX/
    Li
    Rong
    /dɑuX/
    Wang
    Li
    /dɑuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱɑuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    dào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    dou6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    dào
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dawX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/
    English way

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11669
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l'uːʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. way; path; road
        ―  dào  ―  road
    2. (historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies
    3. (rail transport) track
      作業作业  ―  shàng dào zuòyè  ―  maintenance on rail tracks
      1通過1通过  ―  1 dào tōngguò  ―  passing on track 1
    4. method; principle
    5. (Buddhism) the Marga; the Way of bodhi or enlightenment leading to nirvana through spiritual stages
    6. (philosophy, Taoism) the Way; the Tao; the Dao: the way of nature and/or the ideal way to live one's life
    7. (Christianity) Logos; the Word
    8. Short for 道教 (Dàojiào, “Taoism”).
    9. Short for 道士 (dàoshì, “Taoist priest”).
    10. (religion) doctrine; teachings
        ―  chuándào  ―  to preach
    11. (literary) to say; to utter
      能說會能说会  ―  néngshuōhuìdào  ―  can talk really well (idiom)
    12. Classifier for long things.
      閃電闪电  ―  dào shǎndiàn  ―  a bolt of lightning
        ―  dào  ―  a river
        ―  dào féng  ―  a crack
      彩虹  ―  dào cǎihóng  ―  a rainbow
    13. Classifier for barriers.
      籬笆篱笆  ―  dào líbā  ―  a fence
    14. Classifier for courses in a meal: dish
        ―  dào cài  ―  a dish of food
    15. Classifier for questions (in an exam), orders or proclamations.
      公文  ―  dào gōngwén  ―  a proclamation
      命令  ―  dào mìnglìng  ―  an order
    16. a surname
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (どう) ()
    • Korean: 도(道) (do)
    • Vietnamese: đạo ()

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    trad.
    simp. #



    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    dǎo
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dawH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*lˁuʔ-s/
    English show the way

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. Alternative form of (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”).

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]

    道󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
     
    道󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. road; way

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    どう
    Grade: 2
    goon

    /dau//dɔː//doː/

    From Middle Chinese (MC dɑuX). Compare modern Mandarin (dào), Cantonese (dou6).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (どう) (だう (dau)?

    1. Tao (the way of nature), Taoism
    2. (chiefly historical) a region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures
      Feudal Japan was divided into several ; the only remaining is Hokkaidō. (Often translated as circuit.)

    Proper nounEdit

    (どう) (だう (dau)?

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    irregular
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    3
    [suffix] (obsolete) attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    irregular
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    3
    [suffix] a road, a street
    [suffix] attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
    [suffix] attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    みち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    (uncommon)
    (rare)
    (rare)

    Originally a compound of (mi, honorific prefix) +‎ (chi, road, street, way).[5] The prefix mi was in reference to the (kami, god, spirit) of roads. Perhaps also cognate with *miti, a potentially road-related element found in Old Korean toponyms.[6]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (みち) (michi

    1. a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
      (みち)(ある)
      michi o aruku
      to walk down a road
    2. (figurative) a road, a path
      (しょう)()への(みち)
      shōri e no michi
      the path to victory
    3. a way of doing something
      使(つか)(みち)がわからないもの
      tsukaimichi ga wakaranai mono
      something whose method of usage is not known
    Usage notesEdit

    This is the most common term for “road”, “street”, or “way” in modern Japanese.

    Derived termsEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    (みち) (Michi

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 5Edit

    Kanji in this term
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    Used as ateji in various names.

    Proper nounEdit

    (おさむ) or (すすむ) or (ただし) or (ただす) or (なおし) or (まこと) or (みちひろ) or (もとい) or (わたる) (Osamu or Susumu or Tadashi or Tadasu or Naoshi or Makoto or Michihiro or Motoi or Wataru

    1. a male given name

    Proper nounEdit

    (たお) or (とおる) or (ふみ) (Tao or Tōru or Fumi

    1. a female given name

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2120 (paper), page 1112 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    3. 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    6. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics[2] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240.

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC dɑuX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 또ᇢ〯 (Yale: ttwǒw)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 길〮 (Yale: kíl) 도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (gil do))

    1. Hanja form? of (principle, reason; moral). [noun]
    2. Hanja form? of (province). [noun]
    3. Hanja form? of (road; path). [affix]

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Việt readings: đạo ((đỗ)(hạo)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], dạo[4]
    : Nôm readings: dạo[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], đạo[1][2][3][4][7], đảo[2], nhạo[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of đạo (code of conduct; religion).
    2. Nôm form of dạo (to walk; to stroll).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit