Wiktionary

道

道 U+9053, 道
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9053
← 遒
[U+9052] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 達 →
[U+9054]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

道 (radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜廿竹山 (YTHU), four-corner 38306, composition ⿺辶首)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1262, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39010
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1754, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3864, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9053

ChineseEdit

trad. 道
simp. # 道
alternative forms
 
噵
衜
衟
𡬹
𨔞
𨕐
𨕥
𨖁
𨗓
辺 second round simplified

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 道
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
道 *l'uːʔ
導 *duːs
首 *hljuʔ, *hljus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

Etymology 1Edit

Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):

  • > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
  • > "road, way".

Cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: “dàor” is used when as a lemma in senses a) “way, path, road” b) “thin line” c) “unit of measure which equals to 10 μm”.
Note: dou3 - only used in 知道.
Note: tō͘ - vernacular (俗).
Note:
  • dau5 - vernacular;
  • dau4 - literary.
Rime
Character 道
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dawX/
Li
Rong 		/dɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/dɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dào
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 道 道
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎo dào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dawH › ‹ dawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁuʔ-s/ /*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/
English show the way way

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 道
Reading # 1/1
No. 11669
Phonetic
component 		首
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		道
Old
Chinese 		/*l'uːʔ/
DefinitionsEdit

道

  1. way; path; road
    道路  ―  dàolù  ―  road
  2. (historical) circuit: an administrative division of late imperial China comprising 2 or more commanderies
  3. method; principle
  4. (Buddhism) the Marga; the Way of bodhi or enlightenment leading to nirvana through spiritual stages
  5. (philosophy, Taoism) the Way; the Tao; the Dao: the way of nature and/or the ideal way to live one's life
  6. (Christianity) Logos; the Word
  7. Short for 道教 (Dàojiào, “Taoism”).
  8. Short for 道士 (dàoshì, “Taoist priest”).
  9. (religion) doctrine; teachings
    傳道 / 传道  ―  chuándào  ―  to preach
  10. to say; to utter
    能說會道 / 能说会道  ―  néngshuōhuìdào  ―  can talk really well (idiom)
  11. Classifier for long things.
    一道閃電 / 一道闪电  ―  yī dào shǎndiàn  ―  a bolt of lightning
    一道河  ―  yī dào hé  ―  a river
    一道縫 / 一道缝  ―  yī dào féng  ―  a crack
    一道彩虹  ―  yī dào cǎihóng  ―  a rainbow
  12. Classifier for barriers.
    一道籬笆 / 一道篱笆  ―  yī dào líbā  ―  a fence
  13. Classifier for courses in a meal: dish
    一道菜  ―  yī dào cài  ―  a dish of food
  14. Classifier for questions (in an exam), orders or proclamations.
    一道公文  ―  yī dào gōngwén  ―  a proclamation
    一道命令  ―  yī dào mìnglìng  ―  an order
  15. A surname​.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 道
DescendantsEdit
Sino-Xenic (道):
  • → Japanese: 道(どう) (dō)
  • → Korean: 도 (道, do)
  • → Vietnamese: đạo (道)

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

道

  1. † Alternative form of 導／导 (dǎo, “to direct; to guide; to lead; to conduct”).

Etymology 2Edit

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 道.

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

道

  1. Osamu (a Japanese male given name)
  2. Susumu (a Japanese male given name)
  3. Tadashi (a Japanese male given name)
  4. Tadasu (a Japanese male given name)
  5. Naoshi (a Japanese male given name)
  6. Makoto (a Japanese male given name)
  7. Michihiro (a Japanese male given name)
  8. Motoi (a Japanese male given name)
  9. Wataru (a Japanese male given name)
  10. Michi (a Japanese female given name)
  11. Tao (a Japanese female given name)
  12. Tōru (a Japanese female given name)
  13. Fumi (a Japanese female given name)
  14. Michi (a Japanese surname)
  15. Dōzaki (a Japanese surname)
  16. Michizaki (a Japanese surname)

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

道

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. road; way

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
道
どう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/dau/ → /dɔː/ → /doː/

From Middle Chinese 道 (MC dɑuX). Compare modern Mandarin 道 (dào), Cantonese 道 (dou6).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

道(どう) • (dō)  (historical kana だう)

  1. Tao (the way of nature); Taoism
  2. (chiefly historical) A region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures. Feudal Japan was divided into several dō; the only remaining dō is Hokkaidō. (Often translated as circuit.)

Proper nounEdit

道(どう) • (Dō)  (historical kana だう)

  1. A surname​.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
道
ち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[3] May be cognate with Korean 길 (gil, “road”).

More often written as 路.

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

道(ち) • (-chi) 

  1. (obsolete) attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
    This usage has generally been replaced by -ji below.

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
道
じ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Derived as a sound shift from chi above.[3]

More often written as 路.

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

道(じ) • (-ji)  (historical kana ぢ)

  1. a road, a street
    山(やま)道(じ)、長(なが)道(じ)
    yama-ji, naga-ji
    a mountain road, a long road
  2. attaches to place names, indicating a road to that place
    奈(な)良(ら)道(じ)
    Nara-ji
    Road to Nara
  3. attaches to a time duration, indicating a trip taking that length of time
    四(よっ)日(か)道(じ)
    yokka-ji
    a trip of four days, a four-day-long trip

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
道
みち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) +‎ 道 (chi, “road, street, way”).[3] The prefix mi was in reference to the 神 (kami, “god or spirit”) of roads.

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

道(みち) • (michi) 

  1. a way, a street, a road, an alley, a path, a pass for local traffic
    道(みち)を歩(ある)く
    michi o aruku
    to walk down a road
  2. (figuratively) a road, a path
    勝(しょう)利(り)への道(みち)
    shōri e no michi
    the path to victory
  3. a way of doing something
    使(つか)い道(みち)がわからないもの
    tsukaimichi ga wakaranai mono
    something whose method of usage is not known
Usage notesEdit

This is the most common term for “road”, “street”, or “way” in modern Japanese.

Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Proper nounEdit

道(みち) • (Michi) 

  1. A female given name
  2. A surname​.

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
道
Grade: 2
Irregular

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper nounEdit

道(おさむ) or 道(すすむ) or 道(ただし) or 道(ただす) or 道(なおし) or 道(まこと) or 道(みちひろ) or 道(もとい) or 道(わたる) • (Osamu or Susumu or Tadashi or Tadasu or Naoshi or Makoto or Michihiro or Motoi or Wataru) 

  1. A male given name

Proper nounEdit

道(たお) or 道(とおる) or 道(ふみ) • (Tao or Tōru or Fumi) 

  1. A female given name

Proper nounEdit

道(どうざき) or 道(みちざき) • (Dōzaki or Michizaki) 

  1. A surname​.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

道 (eumhun 길 도 (gil do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“province; method, way; path, road”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

道: Hán Việt readings: đạo (杜(đỗ)皓(hạo)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], dạo[4]
道: Nôm readings: dạo[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], đạo[1][2][3][4][7], đảo[2], nhạo[3]

  1. Hán tự form of đạo (“code of conduct; religion”).
  2. Nôm form of dạo (“to walk; to stroll”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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