독

독 U+B3C5, 독 HANGUL SYLLABLE DOG Composition: ㄷ + ㅗ + ㄱ ← 도 [U+B3C4] Hangul Syllables 돆 → [U+B3C6]

도독돆돇돈돉돊 돋돌돍돎돏돐돑 돒돓돔돕돖돗돘 동돚돛돜돝돞돟
뎨 ←	→ 돠

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 독 (Yale: twòk).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [독]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dog
McCune–Reischauer?	tok
Yale Romanization?	tok

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 독의 / 독에 / 독까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.

Noun

독 • (dok)

1. jar, pot (made of clay)

   독 안에 든 쥐 ― dok an-e deun jwi ― being in a helpless situation (literally, “a rat in a jar”)

Derived terms

• 김장독 (gimjangdok)
• 김칫독 (gimchitdok)
• 똥독 (ttongdok)
• 물독 (muldok)
• 술독 (suldok)
• 오줌독 (ojumdok)
• 장독 (jangdok)

See also

• 단지 (danji)

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 毒. From Middle Korean 독〮 (Yale: twók).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [독]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dog
McCune–Reischauer?	tok
Yale Romanization?	tok

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 독의 / 독에 / 독까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Noun

독 • (dok) (hanja 毒)

1. poison; venom

Derived terms

• 독(毒)하다 (dokhada)
• See the hanja entry at 毒 for Sino-Korean compounds of 독 (毒, dok).

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 獨.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [독]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dog
McCune–Reischauer?	tok
Yale Romanization?	tok

Proper noun

독 • (Dok) (hanja 獨)

1. Short for 독일(獨逸) (Dogil, “Germany”).

Usage notes

• In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

Prefix

독— • (dok-) (hanja 獨)

1. by/for a single person

   ‎독(獨) (dok) + ‎무대(舞臺) (mudae, “stage”) → ‎독무대(獨舞臺) (dongmudae, “having the stage to oneself”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 獨 for Sino-Korean compounds of 독 (獨, dok).

Etymology 4

Borrowed from English dock.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [독]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dog
McCune–Reischauer?	tok
Yale Romanization?	tok

Noun

독 • (dok)

1. dock (for repairing and building ships)

   Synonym: 선거(船渠) (seon'geo)

Etymology 5

Noun

독 • (dok)

1. Gyeongsang, Seoul, Jeolla dialect, and Chungcheong form of 돌 (dol, “rock”)
   • 1982 October 26, 송도헌 [songdoheon], “명당의 천리도 모르는 도선 [myeongdang'ui cheollido moreuneun doseon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]‎^[1], 충청북도 영동군 황금면 [chungcheongbukdo yeongdonggun hwanggeummyeon]:

     널 위에다가 갖다가 독을 고이고 널을 갖다가 놓고...

     Neol wi-e-daga gatdaga dog-eul goigo neor-eul gatdaga noko...

     So use the rock to prop up the plank then put the plank there...

Etymology 6

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

독 • (dok)

More information

1. 匵:

   (MC reading: 匵 (MC duwk))

2. 櫝:

   (MC reading: 櫝 (MC duwk))

3. 毒: poison

   (eumhun reading: 독 독 (dok dok))
   (MC reading: 毒 (MC dowk))

4. 涜:

   (MC reading: 涜)

5. 瀆:

   (MC reading: 瀆 (MC duwk))

6. 犢:

   (MC reading: 犢 (MC duwk))

7. 独:

   (MC reading: 独)

8. 獨: alone

   (eumhun reading: 홀로 독 (hollo dok))
   (MC reading: 獨 (MC duwk))

9. 督: supervise, direct

   (eumhun reading: 살필 독 (salpil dok))
   (MC reading: 督 (MC towk))

10. 禿:

    (MC reading: 禿 (MC thuwk))

11. 秃:

    (MC reading: 秃)

12. 竺:

    (MC reading: 竺 (MC tuwk|trjuwk|towk))

13. 篤: deep, true, sincere, genuine

    (eumhun reading: 도타울 독 (dotaul dok))
    (MC reading: 篤 (MC towk))

14. 読:

    (MC reading: 読)

15. 讀: to read

    (eumhun reading: 읽다 독 (ikda dok))
    (MC reading: 讀 (MC duwk))

16. 黷:

    (MC reading: 黷 (MC duwk))

Middle Korean

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tòk/, [tòk̚]

Noun

독 (twòk) (locative 도ᄀᆡ〮 (twòk-óy))

1. jar; pot

Descendants

• Korean: 독 (dok)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 毒 (MC dowk).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tók/, [tók̚]

Noun

독〮 (twók) (hanja 毒)

1. poison; venom
   • 1489, 救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해 [Gugeupganibang eonhae], pages 6:39a–b:

     미친〮 가히〮 믈인〮 독〮이〮 다시〮 나거든〮 ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆫ ᄉᆡᇰ아ᇰ을〮 ᄀᆞ〮라 므〮레 프〮러 두〯 돈〯을〮 머그〮면 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮라

     mìchín kàhí mùlGín twók-í tàsí nàkètún mòlòn sòyngàng-úl kólà múl-èy púlè twǔ twǒn-úl mèkúmyèn tyǒhòlílà

     Having been bitten by a rabid dog, should [the effects of] the poison [i.e. the rabies virus] recur, take two dons of ground dry ginger dissolved in water, and [the symptoms] will get better.

Descendants

• Korean: 독(毒) (dok)