See also: and
U+8B80, 讀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B80
譿
[U+8B7F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8B81]
U+F95A, 讀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95A

[U+F959]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F95B]

Translingual edit

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 149, +15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土田金 (YRGWC), four-corner 04686, composition or 𧶠)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1185, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36088
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1649, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4029, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8B80

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic (to say) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology 1 edit

trad.
simp.

“To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”.

Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, to read; to recite). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (to recite; to give notice) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately) and Mizo thlûk (accent, tone, intonation). Related to (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”).

STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (to read), relating it to (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”).

Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • tha̍k - vernacular;
  • tho̍k - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (3)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter duwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /duk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /duk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /duk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dəwk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /duk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /duk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱuk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    duk6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ duwk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.lˁok/
    English read (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16039
    Phonetic
    component
    𧶠
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l'oːɡ/

    Definitions edit

    1. to say aloud; to tell
    2. to read (silently); to peruse
      Synonym:
        ―  shū  ―  to read; reading
        ―  yuè  ―  to read
      文章值得 [MSC, trad.]
      文章值得 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè piān wénzhāng zhíde yī . [Pinyin]
      This article is worth reading.
    3. to read aloud; to read out
        ―  lǎng  ―  to read aloud
      有邊中間 [MSC, trad.]
      有边中间 [MSC, simp.]
      yǒu biān biān, méi biān zhōngjiān [Pinyin]
      read the side if any; read the middle part if there is no side
        ―  èr  ―  second reading (of a bill)
    4. to study
      大學大学  ―  dàxué  ―  to study at a university
      會計会计 [Cantonese]  ―  duk6 wui6 gai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to study accounting
    5. to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.)
      Synonym: (niàn)
      這個怎麼这个怎么  ―  Zhège zì zěnme ?  ―  How do you pronounce this character?
    6. pronunciation
        ―  yīn  ―  pronunciation (of characters)
        ―    ―  variant pronunciation
        ―  wén  ―  literary reading

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    • Zhuang: doeg

    Etymology 2 edit

    trad.
    simp.
    alternative forms

    A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.

    Pronunciation edit


    Note:
    • tāu - vernacular;
    • tō͘ - literary.

    Definitions edit

    1. short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause
        ―  dòu  ―  periods and commas, sentences and clauses

    Compounds edit

    Further reading edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji edit

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. to read
    2. (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC duwk).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 읽을 (ilgeul dok))

    1. Hanja form? of (to read).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC duwH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 구절 (gujeol du))

    1. Hanja form? of (short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: độc, đọc, đậu, đặt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.