讀
TranslingualEdit
| Traditional | 讀 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 読 |
| Simplified | 读 |
Han characterEdit
讀 (radical 149 言+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土田金 (YRGWC), four-corner 04686, composition ⿰言賣)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1185, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36088
- Dae Jaweon: page 1649, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4029, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8B80
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 讀 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 读 | |
| alt. forms | 逗 Etymology 2 | |
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧸇.
Etymology 1Edit
“To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”.
Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག་པ (klog pa, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”).
Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): duk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍k
- Min Dong (BUC): tĕ̤k
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): doq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: tu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
- IPA (key): /tu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: duk6
- Yale: duhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: duk9
- IPA (key): /tʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: tug
- Hagfa Pinyim: tug6
- IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕ̤k
- IPA (key): /tʰøyʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha̍k / tho̍k
- Tâi-lô: tha̍k / tho̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: tak, tok
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰak̚⁴/, /tʰɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰak̚¹²¹/, /tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
- Note: tha̍k - vernacular; tho̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha̍k
- IPA (key): /tʰak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: doq (T5)
- IPA (key): /d̻ʊʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 讀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒谷切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/duk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/duk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/duk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/duk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/duk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dú |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 讀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16039 |
| Phonetic component |
儥 |
| Rime group |
屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
獨 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l'oːɡ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
讀
- † to say aloud; to tell
- to read (silently); to peruse
- to read aloud; to read out
- to study
- to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.)
- pronunciation
Etymology 2Edit
A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
- Wade-Giles: tou4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
- IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dau6
- Yale: dauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau6
- IPA (key): /tɐu̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu / tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tāu / tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: dau, do
- IPA (Taipei): /taʊ³³/, /tɔ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /taʊ²²/, /tɔ²²/
- Note: tāu - vernacular; tō͘ - literary.
- (Hokkien)
DefinitionsEdit
讀
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 讀
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
讀
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 読)
ReadingsEdit
Usage notesEdit
Very rarely used. Superseded by the shinjitai form.
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
讀 • (dok, du) (hangeul 독, 두, revised dok, du, McCune-Reischauer tok, tu, Yale tok, twu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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