-irati
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From German -ieren with the infinitive ending -en replaced with native -ati. The German suffix is from Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-irati (Cyrillic spelling -ирати)
- A suffix appended to words, primarily loanwords, to form verbs.
- Synonym: -ovati
Usage notes edit
- The suffix -irati is only common in Croatia where it was at one point productive and used to form new verbs. It is still occasionally used to consciously form new verbs from loanwords, especially from Germanic languages. It can also be found in Bosnia and Serbia but to a lesser extent, being mostly used to adopt verbs borrowed from other languages.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of -irati
| Infinitive: -irati | Present verbal adverb: -írajūći | Past verbal adverb: — | Verbal noun: -írānje | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | -iram | -iraš | -ira | -iramo | -irate | -iraju | |
| Future | Future I | -irat ću1 -iraću |
-irat ćeš1 -iraćeš |
-irat će1 -iraće |
-irat ćemo1 -iraćemo |
-irat ćete1 -iraćete |
-irat će1 -iraće |
| Future II | bȕdēm -irao2 | bȕdēš -irao2 | bȕdē -irao2 | bȕdēmo -irali2 | bȕdēte -irali2 | bȕdū -irali2 | |
| Past | Perfect | -irao sam2 | -irao si2 | -irao je2 | -irali smo2 | -irali ste2 | -irali su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam -irao2 | bȉo si -irao2 | bȉo je -irao2 | bíli smo -irali2 | bíli ste -irali2 | bíli su -irali2 | |
| Imperfect | -irah | -iraše | -iraše | -irasmo | -iraste | -irahu | |
| Conditional I | -irao bih2 | -irao bi2 | -irao bi2 | -irali bismo2 | -irali biste2 | -irali bi2 | |
| Conditional II4 | bȉo bih -irao2 | bȉo bi -irao2 | bȉo bi -irao2 | bíli bismo -irali2 | bíli biste -irali2 | bíli bi -irali2 | |
| Imperative | — | -iraj | — | -irajmo | -irajte | — | |
| Active past participle | -irao m / -irala f / -iralo n | -irali m / -irale f / -irala n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
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Synonyms edit
- -isati (Bosnia, Serbia)