-ier

See also: ier, Ier, and ièr

English

Examples
happy → happier scary → scarier

Etymology 1

-y +‎ -er

Suffix

-ier

1. variant of -er for adjectives and verbs ending in -y; equivalent to (dropped -y) + (-i- + -er).

See also

• -ied
• -iest

Etymology 2

From French -ier.

Suffix

-ier

1. Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier.

Anagrams

• EIR, Eri., IRE, IrE, Ire., RIE, Rie, eir, ire, rei, rie

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ier.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːr/

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-ier m

1. appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -ier

See also

• -er

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /je/

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)

1. forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit

   ‎banane (“banana”) + ‎-ier → ‎bananier (“banana tree”)

   ‎poire (“pear”) + ‎-ier → ‎poirier (“pear tree”)

2. forms the names of ships

   ‎chalut (“trawl net”) + ‎-ier → ‎chalutier (“trawler”)

   ‎pétrole (“oil”) + ‎-ier → ‎pétrolier (“oil tanker”)

3. forms the names of jobs

   ‎chocolat (“chocolate”) + ‎-ier → ‎chocolatier (“chocolatier”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -ier

Further reading

• “-ier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-ier m

1. A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French.

   Bankier, Kürassier

Middle French

Suffix

-ier

1. Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)
2. Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)

Old French

Alternative forms

• -er (both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
• -ar (verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)

Etymology 1

From Latin -āre.

Suffix

-ier

1. suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs

   forgier ― to forge

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of -ier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ier			avoir -ié
gerund		en -ant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		-ant
past participle		-ié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	—	-es	-e	-ons	-iez	-ent
	imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
	preterite	-ai	-as	-a	-ames	-astes	-ierent
	future	-erai	-eras	-era	-erons	-eroiz, -ereiz, -erez	-eront
	conditional	-eroie, -ereie	-eroies, -ereies	-eroit, -ereit	-eriiens, -eriens	-eriiez, -eriez	-eroient, -ereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	—	-s	-t	-ons	-iez	-ent
	imperfect	-asse	-asses	-ast	-issons, -issiens	-issoiz, -issez, -issiez	-assent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	-e	—	-ons	-iez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: -ier, -er
  • French: -er
• Gallo: -ieu
• → Middle High German: -ieren
  • German: -ieren, -iren
    • → Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: -irati
• Norman: -yi (Jersey)

Etymology 2

From Latin -ārius, -ārium.

Suffix

-ier

1. indicates a profession

   bouchier ― butcher

2. indicates location, where one lives

   forestier ― forester

Descendants

• Middle French: -er, -ier
  • French: -ier
  • → English: -eer
• ⇒ Old French: -erie (see there for further descendants)
• → Italian: -iere
• → Sicilian: -eri

See also

• Appendix:Old French verbs
• -ir
• -re

Swedish

Suffix

-ier

1. -an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier

Synonyms

• -an

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -ier

Anagrams

• -eri