-ier
English edit
Examples |
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Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ier
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From French -ier.
Suffix edit
-ier
Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ier m
- appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word
Derived terms edit
See also edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)
- forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit
- forms the names of ships
- forms the names of jobs
- chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “-ier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Suffix edit
-ier m
Middle French edit
Suffix edit
-ier
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
- -er (both etymologies, present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
- -ar (verbal suffix, 9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ier
- suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs
- forgier ― to forge
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of -ier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ier | avoir -ié | |||||
gerund | en -ant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | -ant | ||||||
past participle | -ié | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | — | -es | -e | -ons | -iez | -ent |
imperfect | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
preterite | -ai | -as | -a | -ames | -astes | -ierent | |
future | -erai | -eras | -era | -erons | -eroiz, -ereiz, -erez | -eront | |
conditional | -eroie, -ereie | -eroies, -ereies | -eroit, -ereit | -eriiens, -eriens | -eriiez, -eriez | -eroient, -ereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | — | -s | -t | -ons | -iez | -ent |
imperfect | -asse | -asses | -ast | -issons, -issiens | -issoiz, -issez, -issiez | -assent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | -e | — | -ons | -iez | — |
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin -ārius, -ārium.
Suffix edit
-ier
- indicates a profession
- bouchier ― butcher
- indicates location, where one lives
- forestier ― forester
Descendants edit
- Middle French: -er, -ier
- ⇒ Old French: -erie (see there for further descendants)
- → Italian: -iere
- → Sicilian: -eri
See also edit
Swedish edit
Suffix edit
-ier