See also: Péking

English edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

c. 1655 romanization of the Nanking court dialect Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 北京 (Běijīng), reinforced by Chinese postal romanization from before the modern palatalization of /k/. The early Portuguese and Jesuits such as Francis Xavier used the spelling Paquim; Abraham Ortelius used C. Paquin for his 1572 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas; Italian Jesuit Martino Martini used Peking in his 1654 Latin De Bello Tartarico Historia and 1655 Novus Atlas Sinensis, which were quickly translated into English and later used by Joan Blaeu for his 1665 Atlas Maior. Peter Heylyn's Cosmographie changed its spelling from Paquin in the 1652 edition to Peking in the 1658 edition, but both Pekin and Peking were used interchangeably in English until the Chinese Imperial Post adopted Peking as its official transcription in the 1890s.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /piːˈkɪŋ/,[1][2][3] /peɪ.ˈkɪŋ/[1][2]
  • enPR: pēʹkǐngʹ, pāʹkǐngʹ
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪŋ
  • Hyphenation: Pe‧king

Proper noun edit

Peking

  1. Dated form of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China.
    • 1655, The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China[1], page 273:
      The Emperour hearing of the ill ſucceſſe of this Affairs, began to think of leaving the Northern parts, where his Royal City of Peking is ſituated, and to paſſe to Nankuing which is far more Southward; but he was diſſwaded from this intended courſe as well by his loyal, as diſloyal ſubjec͡ts : by theſe, that they might give him up more ſpeedily into the enemies hands, before their treachery was diſcovered; and by the others, leſt his flight might trouble the Kingdome more, and diſcourage all his Subjec͡ts from giving their beſt aſſiſtance; for they thought the City impregnable, being fortified with ſo ſtrong a Garriſon; nor did they doubt that the Kings preſence would draw the ſources of the whole Kingdom to him.
    • 1972 February 20, President Richard Nixon, 15:48 from the start, in Nixon in China (The Film)[2], Agana, Guam: Richard Nixon Presidential Library:
      This is not a time for a long speech but, I would not want this opportunity to pass without saying just a word with regard to the significance of this moment. Some of you may recall that it was two and a half years ago that right here in Guam, I announced a new direction for American foreign policy based on the principles of self-reliance, self-respect- equal dignity for all nations, large and small throughout the world. And tomorrow, I will take off from Guam for Shanghai and Peking, the first President of the United States ever to visit China. Guam, I know it is said, is where the American day begins. And I would hope that all of you today would join me in this prayer, that with this trip to China, a new day may begin for the whole world. Thank you very much.
    • 1989 June 4, Kate Adie, 0:02 from the start, in Archive: Chinese troops fire on protesters in Tiananmen Square - BBC News[3], Peking: BBC News, published 2014:
      The noise of gunfire rose from all over the center of Peking. It was unremitting.
    • 2023 April 12, John Bolton, “A New American Grand Strategy to Counter Russia and China”, in The Wall Street Journal[4], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 April 2023, Opinion:
      Third, after Ukraine wins its war with Russia, we must aim to split the Russia-China axis. Moscow’s defeat could unseat Mr. Putin’s regime. What comes next is a government of unknowable composition. New Russian leaders may or may not look to the West rather than Beijing, and might be so weak that the Russian Federation’s fragmentation, especially east of the Urals, isn’t inconceivable. Beijing is undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth. Significant portions of this region were under Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking transferred “outer Manchuria,” including extensive Pacific coast lands, to Moscow. Russia’s uncontrolled dissolution could provide China direct access to the Arctic, including even the Bering Strait, facing Alaska.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Peking.
  2. (metonymically) The government of the People's Republic of China; the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.

Usage notes edit

Cultural terms using Peking such as Peking duck and Peking opera are the standard English language forms. However, as a reference to the city itself, Peking, though common in English into the 1980s,[4] is less common than the pinyin-derived Beijing in standard English and can feel dated and/or historical. The adjectival form Pekingese is more common than the more recently generated terms Beijingese and Beijinger.

Coordinate terms edit

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

References edit

  1. 1.0 1.1 Peking”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Peking”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ Peking”, in Collins English Dictionary.
  4. ^ Peking,Beijing at Google Ngram Viewer

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Czech edit

 
Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

Peking m inan (related adjective pekingský, demonym Pekiňan)

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Declension edit

Further reading edit

  • Peking in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • Peking in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • Peking in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch edit

 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

Peking n

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Finnish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From an old romanization of Chinese 北京 (Běijīng).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpekiŋː/, [ˈpe̞k̟iŋː]
  • Rhymes: -ekiŋː
  • Syllabification(key): Pe‧king

Proper noun edit

Peking

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China).

Declension edit

Inflection of Peking (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative Peking
genitive Pekingin
partitive Pekingiä
illative Pekingiin
singular plural
nominative Peking
accusative nom. Peking
gen. Pekingin
genitive Pekingin
partitive Pekingiä
inessive Pekingissä
elative Pekingistä
illative Pekingiin
adessive Pekingillä
ablative Pekingiltä
allative Pekingille
essive Pekinginä
translative Pekingiksi
abessive Pekingittä
instructive
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Peking (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Pekingini
accusative nom. Pekingini
gen. Pekingini
genitive Pekingini
partitive Pekingiäni
inessive Pekingissäni
elative Pekingistäni
illative Pekingiini
adessive Pekingilläni
ablative Pekingiltäni
allative Pekingilleni
essive Pekinginäni
translative Pekingikseni
abessive Pekingittäni
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Pekingisi
accusative nom. Pekingisi
gen. Pekingisi
genitive Pekingisi
partitive Pekingiäsi
inessive Pekingissäsi
elative Pekingistäsi
illative Pekingiisi
adessive Pekingilläsi
ablative Pekingiltäsi
allative Pekingillesi
essive Pekinginäsi
translative Pekingiksesi
abessive Pekingittäsi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Pekingimme
accusative nom. Pekingimme
gen. Pekingimme
genitive Pekingimme
partitive Pekingiämme
inessive Pekingissämme
elative Pekingistämme
illative Pekingiimme
adessive Pekingillämme
ablative Pekingiltämme
allative Pekingillemme
essive Pekinginämme
translative Pekingiksemme
abessive Pekingittämme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Pekinginne
accusative nom. Pekinginne
gen. Pekinginne
genitive Pekinginne
partitive Pekingiänne
inessive Pekingissänne
elative Pekingistänne
illative Pekingiinne
adessive Pekingillänne
ablative Pekingiltänne
allative Pekingillenne
essive Pekinginänne
translative Pekingiksenne
abessive Pekingittänne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Pekinginsä
accusative nom. Pekinginsä
gen. Pekinginsä
genitive Pekinginsä
partitive Pekingiään
Pekingiänsä
inessive Pekingissään
Pekingissänsä
elative Pekingistään
Pekingistänsä
illative Pekingiinsä
adessive Pekingillään
Pekingillänsä
ablative Pekingiltään
Pekingiltänsä
allative Pekingilleen
Pekingillensä
essive Pekinginään
Pekinginänsä
translative Pekingikseen
Pekingiksensä
abessive Pekingittään
Pekingittänsä
instructive
comitative

Derived terms edit

German edit

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

Peking n (proper noun, genitive Pekings or (optionally with an article) Peking)

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
    Synonym: (uncommon) Beijing
    • 2023 December 15, Fabian Kretschmer, “Zwangsarbeitsvorwürfe gegen Volkswagen: Zweifel an VW-Bericht zu Uiguren”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz[5], →ISSN:
      Tatsächlich jedoch dürfte vor allem die Angst vor der chinesischen Regierung überwiegen: Ein Rückzug von VW aus Xinjiang würde für Peking schließlich einen tiefen Gesichtsverlust darstellen.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes edit

  • In German, Peking remains the vastly predominant form of the name in all contexts (except perhaps sinologist literature and the like).[1]

Derived terms edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Hungarian edit

 Peking on Hungarian Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛkiŋɡ]
  • Hyphenation: Pe‧king
  • Rhymes: -iŋɡ

Proper noun edit

Peking

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
    Synonym: Beijing

Declension edit

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative Peking
accusative Pekinget
dative Pekingnek
instrumental Pekinggel
causal-final Pekingért
translative Pekinggé
terminative Pekingig
essive-formal Pekingként
essive-modal
inessive Pekingben
superessive Pekingen
adessive Pekingnél
illative Pekingbe
sublative Pekingre
allative Pekinghez
elative Pekingből
delative Pekingről
ablative Pekingtől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
Pekingé
non-attributive
possessive - plural
Pekingéi
Possessive forms of Peking
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. Pekingem
2nd person sing. Pekinged
3rd person sing. Pekingje
1st person plural Pekingünk
2nd person plural Pekingetek
3rd person plural Pekingjük

Derived terms edit

Interlingua edit

Proper noun edit

Peking

  1. Peking (the former name of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Serbo-Croatian edit

 
Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /pěkinɡ/
  • Hyphenation: Pe‧king

Proper noun edit

Pèking m (Cyrillic spelling Пѐкинг)

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Declension edit

Slovak edit

 
Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

Peking m inan (genitive singular Pekingu)

  1. Beijing, Peking (the capital of China)

References edit

  • Peking”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Swedish edit

 
Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Alternative forms edit

Proper noun edit

Peking n (genitive Pekings)

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Anagrams edit

Tagalog edit

Etymology edit

From English Peking, from an old romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng).

Pronunciation edit

  • Hyphenation: Pe‧king
  • IPA(key): /ˈpekiŋ/, [ˈpɛ.xɪŋ]

Proper noun edit

Peking (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜃᜒᜅ᜔)

  1. Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Further reading edit

  • Peking”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018