Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną
Proto-Germanic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit*kunnaną
- to know, to be familiar with, to recognise
- to know how, to be able to
Inflection
editactive voice | passive voice | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
1st singular | *kann | *kunnį̄ | — | — | — | |
2nd singular | *kannt | *kunnīz | — | — | — | |
3rd singular | *kann | *kunnī | — | — | — | |
1st dual | *kunnū | *kunnīw | — | — | — | |
2nd dual | *kunnudiz | *kunnīdiz | — | — | — | |
1st plural | *kunnum | *kunnīm | — | — | — | |
2nd plural | *kunnud | *kunnīd | — | — | — | |
3rd plural | *kunnun | *kunnīn | — | — | — | |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
1st singular | *kunþǭ | *kunþēdį̄ | ||||
2nd singular | *kunþēz | *kunþēdīz | ||||
3rd singular | *kunþē | *kunþēdī | ||||
1st dual | *kunþēdū | *kunþēdīw | ||||
2nd dual | *kunþēdudiz | *kunþēdīdiz | ||||
1st plural | *kunþēdum | *kunþēdīm | ||||
2nd plural | *kunþēdud | *kunþēdīd | ||||
3rd plural | *kunþēdun | *kunþēdīn | ||||
present | past | |||||
participles | *kunnandz | *kunþaz |
Usage notes
editThe main distinction between *kunnaną and *maganą is that the former deals with one's own capabilities, whereas the latter indicates ability due to favourable circumstances not under one's control.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Proto-West Germanic: *kunnan
- Old English: cunnan
- Old Frisian: kunna
- Old Saxon: kunnan
- Old Dutch: *kunnan, cunnan
- Middle Dutch: connen
- Old High German: kunnan, chunnan
- Old Norse: kunna
- Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)
References
editCategories:
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Proto-Germanic lemmas
- Proto-Germanic verbs
- Proto-Germanic preterite-present verbs