Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-GermanicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
*kunnaną
- to know, to be familiar with, to recognise
- to know how, to be able to
InflectionEdit
Conjugation of *kunnaną (preterite-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kann | *kunnį̄ | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *kannt | *kunnīz | — | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *kann | *kunnī | — | — | — |
| 1st dual | *kunnū | *kunnīw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kunnudiz | *kunnīdiz | — | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kunnum | *kunnīm | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *kunnud | *kunnīd | — | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *kunnun | *kunnīn | — | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kunþǭ | *kunþēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kunþēz | *kunþēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kunþē | *kunþēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kunþēdū | *kunþēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kunþēdudiz | *kunþēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kunþēdum | *kunþēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kunþēdud | *kunþēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kunþēdun | *kunþēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kunnandz | *kunþaz | |||
Usage notesEdit
The main distinction between *kunnaną and *maganą is that the former deals with one's own capabilities, whereas the latter indicates ability due to favourable circumstances not under one's control.