ka
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
ka
- kiloyear (also ky, kyr)
- thousands of years ago
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Georgian.
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ka (plural kas)
- A spiritual part of the soul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
- Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, the Ka was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
- 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
- Hence Dorian's portrait is like the ka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
- 2011, Neil Gaiman, American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
- ‘You could bind the ka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.
Etymology 2 edit
Origin uncertain.
Verb edit
ka
- (transitive, obsolete) To serve or help; used only in the phrase "Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.5:
- Now nature stood ever on this point, Kæ mee Ile kæ thee, and ever ready to bee even alwaies on recompences and vicissitude of things, and to give as good as one brings.
- 1821 January 8, [Walter Scott], Kenilworth; a Romance. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; and John Ballantyne, […]; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
- Ka me, ka thee, is a proverb all over the world.
References edit
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
ka (plural kas)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter К / к.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Acehnese edit
Adverb edit
ka
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ká
Usage notes edit
- The form káa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.
See also edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “ka”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Ainu edit
Etymology edit
Likely a loan word from Nivkh [script needed] (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka
References edit
- Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859
Albanian edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).
Preposition edit
ka (+nominative) [1]
Etymology 2 edit
From earlier *kaha, from Proto-Albanian *koso, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁s- (“scratch, cut”). For sense development, compare Slavic *volь - ox, from *valiti - to throw down, castrate.[2] Alternatively, the plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“ox, cow”) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[3]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka m (plural qe, definite kau, definite plural qetë)
Declension edit
Hyponyms edit
- kau i hullisë (“stronger ox (of a team) that walks in the furrow”)
- ka i kularit (“yoke ox”)
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
ka
References edit
- ^ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “ka”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
- ^ Orel - Balcanica pg. 114
Amanab edit
Pronoun edit
ka
- I (first person singular nominative)
Ambonese Malay edit
Etymology edit
Preposition edit
ka
References edit
- D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia[1], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa
Bahnar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate with Sedang ká, Vietnamese cá, Mon က (kaʔ).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka
Bambara edit
Particle edit
ka
- possessive marker
- an ka jamana
- our country
Particle edit
ka
- particle linking subject and predicative adjective
- A ka ɲi
- It's good
- Kidali ka jan
- Kidal is far away
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter K.
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ka | ka | kak |
ergative | kak | kak | kek |
dative | kari | kari | kei |
genitive | karen | karen | ken |
comitative | karekin | karekin | kekin |
causative | karengatik | karengatik | kengatik |
benefactive | karentzat | karentzat | kentzat |
instrumental | kaz | kaz | kez |
inessive | katan | kan | ketan |
locative | katako | kako | ketako |
allative | katara | kara | ketara |
terminative | kataraino | karaino | ketaraino |
directive | katarantz | karantz | ketarantz |
destinative | katarako | karako | ketarako |
ablative | katatik | katik | ketatik |
partitive | karik | — | — |
prolative | katzat | — | — |
See also edit
Central Pomo edit
Noun edit
ka
Chuukese edit
Pronoun edit
ka
- you (singular)
Adjective edit
ka
- you are
Related terms edit
Present and past tense | Negative tense | Future | Negative future | Distant future | Negative determinate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ua | use | upwe | usap | upwap | ute |
Second person | ka, ke | kose, kese | kopwe, kepwe | kosap, kesap | kopwap, kepwap | kote, kete | |
Third person | a | ese | epwe | esap | epwap | ete | |
Plural | First person | aua (exclusive) sia (inclusive) |
ause (exclusive) sise (inclusive) |
aupwe (exclusive) sipwe (inclusive) |
ausap (exclusive) sisap (inclusive) |
aupwap (exclusive) sipwap (inclusive) |
aute (exclusive) site (inclusive) |
Second person | oua | ouse | oupwe | ousap | oupwap | oute | |
Third person | ra, re | rese | repwe | resap | repwap | rete |
Cimbrian edit
Etymology edit
Shortened form of kan.
Preposition edit
ka
- Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.
Further reading edit
- “ka” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Drung edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.
Noun edit
ka
References edit
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[2], Santa Barbara: University of California
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From kade.
Noun edit
ka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
- Alternative form of kade.
Etymology 2 edit
Uncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".
Noun edit
ka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Related to kauw.
Noun edit
ka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)
- Alternative form of kauw.
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
ka c (plural ka's)
- ka (ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Derived from kaasas.
Adverb edit
ka (not comparable)
Ewe edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka (plural kawo)
Verb edit
ka
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
A dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present of katsoa (“to look”).
Verb edit
ka
- (dialectal, colloquial) look!
- Ka!
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Variant of kaa, both shortenings of kanssa.
Adverb edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka m (plural kas)
- kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K.
Fula edit
Preposition edit
ka
Suffix edit
ka
- Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) including abstractions and borrowed words
Usage notes edit
Article edit
ka
- (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
- taasa ka ― the bowl
Usage notes edit
Determiner edit
ka
- (used in indicating something)
- ka taasa ― this/that bowl
Usage notes edit
References edit
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
- M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
Futuna-Aniwa edit
Verb edit
ka
- (Aniwa) to squeal
German edit
Phrase edit
ka
- (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of k. A.
- 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, in de.rec.fahrrad[3] (Usenet):
- Na gut
Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
Ich hab ka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german[4] (Usenet):
- Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolut ka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german[5] (Usenet):
- irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ka.
Adverb edit
ka
Haitian Creole edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ka
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction of kapab, from French capable
Verb edit
ka
Hausa edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
kā
References edit
- Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven; London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 102.
Hawaiian edit
Alternative forms edit
- ke (before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
ka sg (plural nā)
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 家 (“home; family; household; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 家). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鳩 (“pigeon; dove (family; to gather; to assemble; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鳩). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鉸 (“scissors; to cut with scissors; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鉸). |
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 加 (“to put on top of another object; to add; to put in; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 加). |
Iban edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ka
Ido edit
Etymology edit
See kad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic forms a, e, and o.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ka
References edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka
- The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.
Synonyms edit
- ke (Standard Malay)
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet
Further reading edit
- “ka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
ka
Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Determiner edit
ka
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
From African origin.
Adverb edit
ka
Kapampangan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).
Particle edit
ka
- marks a sentence as interrogative
- Kalaraman ka?
- Is it a lie?
- Nanka?
- What's up?
- 1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:
- Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?
- Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?
- whether (or not)
- X ka Y ka?
- Are you an X or Y?
- Munta ka alika?
- Are you going or not?
- used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty
- Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.
- This or that?, which one of these?
- Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?
- Are you gonna eat pasta or pizza?
Pronoun edit
ka
- you (second person singular)
- Kaluguran daka
- I love you
- Mamun ka kang inda
- Say goodbye to your mother
Usage notes edit
- The word ka usually replaces ika when in the middle of a sentence.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayu, ikayu.
See also edit
Latin edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kā f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter K.
Coordinate terms edit
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References edit
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Originally an old neuter nominative singular form of kas (“who, what”) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“who, what”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
(file) |
Conjunction edit
ka
- that; used to link a subordinate clause to the main clause, sometimes with a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), with various different functions:
- (a) subject:
- labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) good that the work is done
- viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didn't like that now only he and Pliens had remained
- aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrongly done was also that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
- tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat was such that one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
- (b) attributive complement, (secondary) predicate
- pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that father is sick
- viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― they lowered the flags as a sign that the protest was over
- vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even more the heart is oppressed by the pain / that again (there is) only forest around
- ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (there) is such a heat that even the little birds are hiding
- (c) direct object
- viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we could go
- Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs would never realize that it would be better to talk about something else
- Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact) that he could not cheer up the girl
- kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact) that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
- (d) adverbial complement (manner)
- viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way) that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
- Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored so (= in such a way) that one could hear it outside
- viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed of herself, that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
- publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
- “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is raining for that reason, that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
- krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we must know Russian for that reason, that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
- Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka couldn't answer, because he first wanted to drink
- tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― you, uncle, haven't heard much, because you have become deaf
- (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
- otrā rītā sāp mugura, ka tīri vai jāraud ― the next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much) that (he) simply had to cry
- visi bija tik satraukti, ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai ne ― everybody was so excited that (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
- Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas, ka viņš atmeta šādu domu ― (but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm) that he abandoned such thought(s)
- dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā, ka zeme sāka skanēt ― the dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way) that the earth began to resound
- vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk, tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumts ― the wind howled more and more strongly, so that the house roof began to shake
- vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs, tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minka ― the old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive, so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
- (g) adverbial complement (purpose)
- pēc malkas ej, ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū! ― go find wood, (so) that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
- skrien kā traks, ka tikai izraut lielāku normu ― I run (= work) like crazy, (so) that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
- (h) adverbial complement (measure, proportion)
- tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču, ka mudž ― immediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much) that (they) were swarming
- viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēku ― she hurried so much that (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
- vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, / ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt? ― have you overcome so much pain in yourself / that you will be able to give only joy to others?
- (i) adverbial complement (condition)
- kas tas par draugu, ka nevar palīdzēt? ― what kind of friend is he, that (= if) he can't help?
- kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi, ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs? ― where are you, blue lilac, that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?
Particle edit
ka
- used to add a nuance of probability or doubt to a, usually negative, utterance, to make it optative, expressive of a desire (cf. kaut); may...
- jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) have to rake the hay together, may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
- vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos; ka neuznāk krusa ― first of all make sure that the rye is in heaps; may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
- ka tik viņš neaizietu! ― may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
- “ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies” ― “may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
- “ak, ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
- “oh, may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
- pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem... ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigti ― a good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up... may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
- used to reinforce the intensity of an action or activity, usually with a repeated verb; ... and ...
- māte tik naigi dur ka dur - šuj savu šujamo ― mother so quickly pierced and pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka m inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter k.
See also edit
Malay edit
Noun edit
ka
- Abbreviation of kaki (“foot (unit of measurement)”).
Further reading edit
- “ka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
ka
- Nonstandard spelling of kā.
- Nonstandard spelling of kǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of kà.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mangas edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ka
- second person singular personal pronoun, you
References edit
- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
Maori edit
Particle edit
ka
- Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
- when; used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
- Marks a verb as being in future tense
- Used when counting numbers
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru...
- One, two, three...
- Used in commands with taua and tātou
- ātou ka haere
- let's go
- now (for the first time); when used after kātahi anō
References edit
- "ka" - Maori Dictionary
Mapudungun edit
Adverb edit
ka (Raguileo spelling)
Synonyms edit
Conjunction edit
ka (Raguileo spelling)
Determiner edit
ka (Raguileo spelling)
Mizo edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (“I; me”).
Pronoun edit
ka
References edit
- Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “ka”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society
Namuyi edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka
Naxi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ).
Adjective edit
ka
References edit
- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
Northern Pomo edit
Noun edit
ka
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronoun edit
ka
- form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ka
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the masculine and neuter respectively of Sanskrit क (ká), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.
Pronoun edit
ka m
- (interrogative) who
- (interrogative) what
- (interrogative) which
- 2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)[6], page 82:
- කන්නු ඛ්වජ්ජ සමණං වා බ්රාහ්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්යාම යන්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත්තං පසීදෙය්යා!"ති
- kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti
- Indeed now which ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?
Usage notes edit
The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | ko | ke |
Accusative (second) | kaṃ | ke |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms edit
- kā (“who (f)”)
Pronoun edit
ka n
Usage notes edit
The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | kiṃ | kāni |
Accusative (second) | kiṃ | kāni |
Instrumental (third) | kena | kehi or kebhi |
Dative (fourth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | kasmā or kismā | kehi or kebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | kassa or kissa | kesaṃ or kesānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi | kesu |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Probably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.
Noun edit
ka m
- the Pali letter 'k'
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][7], page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
- Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
- 'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][8], page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- को यस्स यथा-सको।
- Ko yassa yathā-sako.
- 'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
References edit
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “ka˚”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Picuris edit
Verb edit
ka
- to wash
Further reading edit
- Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)
Pitjantjatjara edit
Conjunction edit
ka
- and (switching)
- Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.
- The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.
Usage notes edit
- Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunction munu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. The ku simply tells us that someone or something other than wati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
- Although ka is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Interjection edit
ka
- ha (representation of laughter)
Rapa Nui edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *ka-, *ka. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻa- and Maori ka.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ka
- Used to indicate the future tense.
- Used to indicate the imperative mood.
- Used to indicate the jussive mood.
- Used to indicate the temporal contiguity of an action.
- Used to indicate the conditional mood of a relative clause.
- Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
- Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru. ― One, two, three.
Interjection edit
¡ka!
Usage notes edit
- Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, while ko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.
References edit
Rawang edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ka
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter”). Cognate with Burmese ခါး (hka:), Old Chinese 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).
Adjective edit
ka
Scots edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Of imitative origin, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”), English caw.
Noun edit
ka (plural kas)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Preposition edit
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- Alternative form of k
Synonyms edit
Adverb edit
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms edit
Conjunction edit
ka
- (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like
Synonyms edit
Pronoun edit
ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) which (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) which, that, who (feminine)
- (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)
Synonyms edit
Somali edit
Etymology 1 edit
Preposition edit
ka
Usage notes edit
- In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
Etymology 2 edit
Article edit
ka
- Alternative spelling of -ka
- Garaash ka fur. ― Open the garage.
References edit
- Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka f (plural kas)
- Name of the letter k
Further reading edit
- “ka”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
ka
- Romanization of 𒅗 (ka)
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
From the -ka- consecutive tense marker.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Adverb edit
ka
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
Influenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- The name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abakada alphabet.
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
- (historical) The name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abecedario.
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- you (second person singular)
Usage notes edit
- The word ka usually replaces ikaw when in the middle of a sentence.
- When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayo.
Alternative forms edit
- ca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
- k — Internet and text messaging slang
See also edit
Person | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
dual* | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata | |
plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin | |
plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin | |
First & Second | singular | kita** | ||
Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo | |
Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
plural | sila | nila | kanila | |
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used. ** Replaces "ko ikaw". |
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- Alternative spelling of 'ka
Derived terms edit
Thai edit
Romanization edit
ka
- Romanization of ค่ะ
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
ka
Tuvaluan edit
Particle edit
ka
- future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb
Ujir edit
Numeral edit
ka
References edit
- Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages
Veps edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb edit
ka
Conjunction edit
ka
References edit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “безусловно, да, давать, естественно, конечно, но”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Volapük edit
Conjunction edit
ka
- than (used for comparisons)
Ye'kwana edit
Alternative forms edit
- cha (allomorph after i)
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ka
- Forms a polar (yes/no) question.
Usage notes edit
In most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 158–159
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kà
- (intransitive, transitive) to count
- (intransitive, transitive) to read
Usage notes edit
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Likely cognate with Igala kà (“to tell”) and Igbo kà (“to speak”), perhaps related to Nupe gàn
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kà
- (transitive) to confess (literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes edit
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms edit
- ìkà (“the act of confession”)
Related terms edit
- jẹ́wọ́ (“to confess”)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kà
Usage notes edit
- ka before a direct object
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Alternative forms edit
- kán (Ìgbómìnà)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ká
- (transitive) to pluck fruit (from a tree)
- to break something; to knock off something
- (idiomatic) to become snapped under pressure
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ká
- (transitive) to curl or fold something
- Fọlá, wá bá mi ká aṣọ! ― Fọla, come and help me fold the clothes
- (intransitive) to become curled or folded
- to constrain someone (often via supernatural means)
- (idiomatic) to get something under control
- apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká ilé ― The arm of the palm cannot control the house (Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ká
- to be everywhere
Usage notes edit
- Used especially in the V2 position