Wiktionary

ka

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ka"
Languages (76)
Translingual • English
Acehnese • Afar • Ainu • Albanian • Amanab • Ambonese Malay • Bahnar • Bambara • Basque • Central Pomo • Chuukese • Cimbrian • Drung • Dutch • Estonian • Ewe • Finnish • French • Fula • Futuna-Aniwa • German • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haitian Creole • Hanunoo • Hausa • Hawaiian • Hokkien • Iban • Ido • Indonesian • Japanese • Javanese • Kabuverdianu • Kapampangan • Latin • Latvian • Lower Sorbian • Lutuv • Malay • Mandarin • Mangas • Maori • Mapudungun • Mizo • Naxi • Northern Pomo • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nǀuu • Old Prussian • Pali • Picuris • Pipil • Pitjantjatjara • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Rawang • Scots • Serbo-Croatian • Skou • Somali • Spanish • Sumerian • Sundanese • Swahili • Tagalog • Tok Pisin • Tuvaluan • Ujir • Veps • Volapük • Ye'kwana • Yoruba
Page categories

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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The etymology for the ISO 639-1 code for Georgian is from Georgian ქართული ენა (kartuli ena).

Symbol

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ka

  1. kiloyear (also ky, kyr)
  2. thousands of years ago
  3. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Georgian.

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.

Noun

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ka (plural kas)

  1. A spiritual part of the soul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
    • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
      Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, the Ka was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
    • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
      Hence Dorian's portrait is like the ka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
    • 2011, Neil Gaiman, American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
      ‘You could bind the ka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.

Etymology 2

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Origin uncertain.

Verb

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ka

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To serve or help; used only in the phrase "Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.5:
      Now nature stood ever on this point, Kæ mee Ile kæ thee, and ever ready to bee even alwaies on recompences and vicissitude of things, and to give as good as one brings.
    • 1821 January 8, [Walter Scott], Kenilworth; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; and John Ballantyne, […]; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
      Ka me, ka thee, is a proverb all over the world.

References

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Etymology 3

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Noun

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ka (plural kas)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter К / к.

See also

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Anagrams

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Acehnese

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Adverb

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ka

  1. already

Afar

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ká

  1. he, him

Usage notes

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  • The form káa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

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Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f
subject singular anú atú úsuk ís
plural nanú isín úsun
object singular yó kó ká tét
plural né sín kén

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ka”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Ainu

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Etymology

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Likely a loan word from Nivkh ӿа (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka

  1. sable trap

References

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).

Preposition

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ka (+ nominative) [1]

  1. from, out, out of, to
    Jo, unë nuk jam ka Shqipëria.
    No, I am not from Albania.
  2. who, whom

Etymology 2

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From earlier *kaha, inherited from Proto-Albanian *koso, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁s- (“scratch, cut”). For sense development, compare Slavic *volь - ox, from *valiti - to throw down, castrate.[2] Alternatively, the plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“ox, cow”) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka m (plural qe, definite kau, definite plural qetë)

  1. ox
  2. steer
Declension
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Declension of ka
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ka kau qe qetë
accusative kaun
dative kau kaut qeve qeve
ablative qesh
Hyponyms
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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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ka

  1. third-person singular present indicative of kam

References

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  1. ^ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ka”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
  3. ^ Orel - Balcanica pg. 114

Amanab

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. I (first person singular nominative)

Ambonese Malay

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Etymology

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From Malay ke.

Preposition

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ka

  1. to, towards

References

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  • D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎[2], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Bahnar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate with Sedang ká, Vietnamese cá, Mon က (kaʔ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka

  1. fish

Bambara

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Particle

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ka

  1. possessive marker
    an ka jamana
    our country

Particle

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ka

  1. particle linking subject and predicative adjective
    A ka ɲi
    It's good
    Kidali ka jan
    Kidal is far away

Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Declension

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Declension of ka (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ka ka kak
ergative kak kak kek
dative kari kari kei
genitive karen karen ken
comitative karekin karekin kekin
causative karengatik karengatik kengatik
benefactive karentzat karentzat kentzat
instrumental kaz kaz kez
inessive katan kan ketan
locative katako kako ketako
allative katara kara ketara
terminative kataraino karaino ketaraino
directive katarantz karantz ketarantz
destinative katarako karako ketarako
ablative katatik katik ketatik
partitive karik — —
prolative katzat — —

See also

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Central Pomo

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Noun

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ka

  1. water

Chuukese

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. you (singular)

Adjective

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ka

  1. you are
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present and past tense negative tense future negative future distant future negative determinate
singular first person ua use upwe usap upwap ute
second person ka
ke		 kose
kese		 kopwe
kepwe		 kosap
kesap		 kopwap
kepwap		 kote
kete
third person a ese epwe esap epwap ete
plural first person exclusive aua ause aupwe ausap aupwap aute
inclusive sia sise sipwe sisap sipwap site
second person oua ouse oupwe ousap oupwap oute
third person ra
re		 rese repwe resap repwap rete


Cimbrian

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Etymology

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Shortened form of kan.

Preposition

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ka

  1. Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.

Further reading

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  • “ka” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Drung

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.

Noun

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ka

  1. word

References

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  • Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎[3], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From kade.

Noun

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ka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

  1. Alternative form of kade

Etymology 2

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Uncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".

Noun

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ka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

  1. (Netherlands, derogatory) dominant woman
Synonyms
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Etymology 3

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Related to kauw.

Noun

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ka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)

  1. Alternative form of kauw

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.

Noun

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ka c (plural ka's)

  1. ka (ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)

Estonian

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Etymology

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Derived from kaasas.

Adverb

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ka (not comparable)

  1. also, too
    Tema läks ka metsa.
    He also went to the forest.

Ewe

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka (plural kawo)

  1. cord
  2. line
  3. rope
  4. string

Verb

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ka

  1. to bite
  2. to break
  3. to chip
  4. to rummage

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ka
  • Hyphenation(key): ka

Etymology 1

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Variant of kaa, both shortenings of kanssa.

Adverb

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ka (rare, dialectal)

  1. also, too
    Minä menin kauppaan ka.
    I went to a shop as well.

Etymology 2

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A dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present of katsoa (“to look”).

Verb

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ka

  1. (dialectal, colloquial) look!
    Ka!
Synonyms
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French

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ka/ ~ /kɑ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑ

Noun

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ka m (plural kas)

  1. kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Fula

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Preposition

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ka

  1. to, in, at

Suffix

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ka

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) including abstractions and borrowed words

Usage notes

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Article

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ka

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    taasa ka ― the bowl

Usage notes

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Determiner

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ka

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ka taasa ― this/that bowl

Usage notes

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References

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Futuna-Aniwa

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Verb

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ka

  1. (Aniwa) to squeal

German

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Phrase

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ka

  1. (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of k. A. (clarification of this definition is needed)
    • 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, in de.rec.fahrrad‎[4] (Usenet):
      Na gut
      Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
      Ich hab ka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
      ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german‎[5] (Usenet):
      Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolut ka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german‎[6] (Usenet):
      irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ka.

Adverb

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ka

  1. not

Haitian Creole

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From French cas (“case”).

Noun

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ka

  1. case, instance

Etymology 2

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Contraction of kapab, from French capable

Verb

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ka

  1. (auxiliary) can, be able to

Hanunoo

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈka/ [ˈka]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ka

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (2sg. subject pronoun).

Pronoun

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ka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ)

  1. you (singular)
    Synonyms: kawo, (rare) kam
    Naan ka pamag-uli?
    Where do you live?
See also
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Hanunoo personal pronouns
Person Number Direct Indirect Oblique
First singular ako niko kangko, kang
plural inclusive kita nita kanta
plural exclusive kami nimi kanmi
Second singular kawo, ka nimo kanmo
plural kamo niyo kanyo
Third singular siya niya kanya
plural sida nida kanda

Etymology 2

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Particle

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ka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ)

  1. connective used between a cardinal numeral and that which is enumerated
    duwa ka bilog sab-a ― two of saba bananas

Etymology 3

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Particle

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ka (Hanunoo spelling ᜣ) (literary)

  1. a connective
    Synonyms: pag, pagka
    Kang ka idu, si Migra. ― My dog, Migra.

Further reading

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  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 131

Hausa

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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kā

  1. (with dà or à) in or on

References

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  • Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 102.

Hawaiian

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Alternative forms

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  • ke (before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Article

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ka sg (plural nā)

  1. the

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 家 (“home; family; household; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 家).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鳩 (“pigeon; dove (family; to gather; to assemble; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鳩).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鉸 (“scissors; to cut with scissors; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鉸).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 加 (“to put on top of another object; to add; to put in; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 加).

Iban

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /käʔ̚/

Verb

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ka

  1. (informal, modal auxiliary) Contraction of deka.
    Aku ka makai asi.
    I want to eat rice.

Ido

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Etymology

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See kad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic forms a, e, and o.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ka

  1. Apocopic form of kad (used before a consonant)
    Ka tu amoras me? ― Do you love me?

References

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  • Progreso II (in Ido), 1909–1910, page 15, 357, 579

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch kaa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka (plural ka-ka)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Synonyms

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  • ke (Standard Malay)

See also

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ka

  1. The hiragana syllable か (ka) or the katakana syllable カ (ka) in Hepburn romanization.

Javanese

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Etymology

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Clipping of ika

Determiner

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ka

  1. (colloquial) yonder

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From African origin.

Adverb

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ka

  1. not

Kapampangan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”). Compare Indonesian -kah, Malay -kah.

Particle

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ka

  1. marks a sentence as interrogative
    Kalaraman ka?
    Is it a lie?
    Nanka?
    What's up?
    • 1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:
      Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?
      Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?
  2. whether (or not)
    X ka Y ka?
    Are you an X or Y?
    Munta ka alika?
    Are you going or not?
  3. used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty
    Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.
    This or that?, which one of these?
    Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?
    Are you gonna eat pasta or pizza?

Pronoun

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ka

  1. you (second person singular)
    Kaluguran daka
    I love you
    Mamun ka kang inda
    Say goodbye to your mother

Usage notes

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  • The word ka usually replaces ika when in the middle of a sentence.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayu, ikayu.

See also

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Kapampangan personal pronouns
absolute ergative oblique
disjunctive enclitic
first
person 		singular aku/i aku/yaku ku kanaku
plural inclusive ikatamu katamu/tamu tamu/ta kekatamu
plural exclusive ikami, ike kami/ke mi kekami/keke
second
person 		singular ika ka mu keka
plural ikayu/iko kayu/ko yu kekayu/keko
third
person 		singular iya/ya ya na keya/kaya
plural ila la da/ra karela

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kā f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter K.

Coordinate terms

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References

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  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
    Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.

Latvian

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Etymology

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Originally an old neuter nominative singular form of kas (“who, what”) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“who, what”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ka

  1. that; used to link a subordinate clause to the main clause, sometimes with a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), with various different functions:
    (a) subject:
    labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) good that the work is done
    viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didn't like that now only he and Pliens had remained
    aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrongly done was also that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
    tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat was such that one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
    (b) attributive complement, (secondary) predicate
    pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that father is sick
    viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― they lowered the flags as a sign that the protest was over
    vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even more the heart is oppressed by the pain / that again (there is) only forest around
    ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (there) is such a heat that even the little birds are hiding
    (c) direct object
    viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we could go
    Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs would never realize that it would be better to talk about something else
    Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact) that he could not cheer up the girl
    kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact) that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
    (d) adverbial complement (manner)
    viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way) that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
    Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored so (= in such a way) that one could hear it outside
    (e) adverbial complement (cause)
    (often tāpēc ka, tādēļ ka, less frequently tamdēļ ka, tālab ka, “for the reason that”)
    viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed of herself, that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
    publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
    “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is raining for that reason, that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
    krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we must know Russian for that reason, that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
    Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka couldn't answer, because he first wanted to drink
    tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― you, uncle, haven't heard much, because you have become deaf
    (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
    (often tā kā “so that”)
    otrā rītā sāp mugura, ka tīri vai jāraud ― the next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much) that (he) simply had to cry
    visi bija tik satraukti, ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai ne ― everybody was so excited that (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
    Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas, ka viņš atmeta šādu domu ― (but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm) that he abandoned such thought(s)
    dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā, ka zeme sāka skanēt ― the dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way) that the earth began to resound
    vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk, tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumts ― the wind howled more and more strongly, so that the house roof began to shake
    vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs, tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minka ― the old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive, so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
    (g) adverbial complement (purpose)
    pēc malkas ej, ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū! ― go find wood, (so) that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
    skrien kā traks, ka tikai izraut lielāku normu ― I run (= work) like crazy, (so) that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
    (h) adverbial complement (measure, proportion)
    tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču, ka mudž ― immediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much) that (they) were swarming
    viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēku ― she hurried so much that (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
    vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, / ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt? ― have you overcome so much pain in yourself / that you will be able to give only joy to others?
    (i) adverbial complement (condition)
    kas tas par draugu, ka nevar palīdzēt? ― what kind of friend is he, that (= if) he can't help?
    kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi, ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs? ― where are you, blue lilac, that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?

Particle

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ka

  1. used to add a nuance of probability or doubt to a, usually negative, utterance, to make it optative, expressive of a desire (cf. kaut); may...
    jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) have to rake the hay together, may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
    vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos; ka neuznāk krusa ― first of all make sure that the rye is in heaps; may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
    ka tik viņš neaizietu! ― may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
    “ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies” ― “may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
    “ak, ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
    “oh, may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
    pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem... ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigti ― a good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up... may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
  2. used to reinforce the intensity of an action or activity, usually with a repeated verb; ... and ...
    māte tik naigi dur ka dur - šuj savu šujamo ― mother so quickly pierced and pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)

References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka m inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter k/K.

See also

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Lutuv

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): [kə̀ə̀]

Verb

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ka

  1. to shoot

References

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  • Kelly Harper Berkson, Amanda Bohnert, Sui Hnem Par (2022) “Consonant Sounds in Hnaring Lutuv”, in Indiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures‎[7], volume 3, number 1

Malay

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Noun

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ka

  1. Abbreviation of kaki (“foot (unit of measurement)”).

Further reading

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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ka

  1. Nonstandard spelling of kā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of kǎ.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of kà.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mangas

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. second person singular personal pronoun, you

References

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  • Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Maori

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Particle

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ka

  1. Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
  2. when; used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
  3. Marks a verb as being in future tense
  4. Used when counting numbers
    Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru...
    One, two, three...
  5. Used in commands with taua and tātou
    ātou ka haere
    let's go
  6. now (for the first time); when used after kātahi anō

References

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  • "ka" - Maori Dictionary

Mapudungun

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Adverb

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ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. too; also

Synonyms

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Conjunction

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ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. and

Determiner

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ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. another; not the same

Mizo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka (“I; me”).

Pronoun

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ka

  1. I; me

References

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Naxi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kaʔ.

Adjective

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ka

  1. bitter

References

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  • Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

Northern Pomo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Pomo *ʔahqʰá (“water”).

Noun

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ka

  1. water

Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. (dialectal, Trøndsk, Northern Norway, Vestlandet, non-standard since 1959) alternative form of kva (“what”)
    Ka e da du gjere på?
    What are you doing?

Nǀuu

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ka

  1. to say
    Gǀa kaǀî dyee ka?
    What is your name? (lit. How do you say your name?)

References

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  • Shah, Sheena & Brenzinger, Matthias. (2017). Writing for Speaking: The Nǀuu Orthography. 10.1017/9781316562949.006.
  • Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
  • Exter, Mats. “Properties of the Anterior and Posterior Click Closures in N|uu.” (2008).

Old Prussian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas.

Pronoun

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ka

  1. (interrogative) what
  2. (relative) what

References

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  • Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “ka”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎[8] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
  • W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

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From the masculine and neuter respectively of Sanskrit क (ká), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.

Pronoun

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ka m

  1. (interrogative) who
  2. (interrogative) what
  3. (interrogative) which
    • 2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)‎[9], page 82:
      කන‍්නු ඛ‍්වජ‍්ජ සමණං වා බ්‍රාහ‍්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්‍යාම යන‍්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත‍්තං පසීදෙය්‍යා!"ති
      kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti
      Indeed now which ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?
Usage notes
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The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
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Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)koke
Accusative (second)kaṃke
Instrumental (third)kenakehi or kebhi
Dative (fourth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kismākehi or kebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhikesu
Derived terms
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  • kā (“who (f)”)

Pronoun

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ka n

  1. (interrogative) what
  2. (interrogative) which
Usage notes
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The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
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Declension table of "ka" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kiṃkāni
Accusative (second)kiṃkāni
Instrumental (third)kenakehi or kebhi
Dative (fourth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kismākehi or kebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhikesu
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Probably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.

Noun

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ka m

  1. the Pali letter 'k'
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[10] (overall work in Pali), page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
      Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
      'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[11] (overall work in Pali), page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      को यस्स यथा-सको।
      Ko yassa yathā-sako.
      'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
Declension
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Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingular
Nominative (first)ko
Accusative (second)kaṃ
Instrumental (third)kena
Dative (fourth)kassa or kāya or katthaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kamhā or kā
Genitive (sixth)kassa
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or ke
Vocative (calling)ka
Synonyms
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References

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  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “ka˚”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead, page 173

Picuris

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Verb

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ka

  1. to wash

Further reading

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  • Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)

Pipil

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Preposition

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ka

  1. to, at

Further reading

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  • Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p. 59

Pitjantjatjara

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Conjunction

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ka

  1. and (switching)
    Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.
    The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.

Usage notes

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  • Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunction munu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. The ku simply tells us that someone or something other than wati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
  • Although ka is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.

Polish

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Etymology

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Phonetic spelling of the letter.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈka/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ka

Noun

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ka n (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Further reading

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  • ka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Interjection

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ka!

  1. Alternative form of kakaka

Rapa Nui

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *ka-, *ka. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻa- and Maori ka.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈka/
  • Hyphenation: ka

Particle

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ka

  1. Used to indicate the future tense.
  2. Used to indicate the imperative mood.
  3. Used to indicate the jussive mood.
  4. Used to indicate the temporal contiguity of an action.
  5. Used to indicate the conditional mood of a relative clause.
  6. Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
    Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru. ― One, two, three.

Interjection

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¡ka!

  1. Intensifies the following verb; how! what a!
    ¡Ka ma'itaki 'ō! ― How very beautiful!

Usage notes

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  • Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, while ko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.

References

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  • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[12], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 153, 330, 477, 491

Rawang

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Compare Burmese ကြက် (krak).

Noun

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ka

  1. chicken.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kaʔ (“bitter”). Cognate with Burmese ခါး (hka:), Old Chinese 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).

Adjective

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ka

  1. bitter.

Scots

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Of imitative origin, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”), English caw.

Noun

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ka (plural kas)

  1. jackdaw

Serbo-Croatian

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Preposition

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ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. Alternative form of k

Synonyms

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Adverb

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ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like

Synonyms

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Conjunction

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ka

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like

Synonyms

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Pronoun

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ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) which (feminine)
  2. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) which, that, who (feminine)
  3. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)

Synonyms

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Skou

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Particle

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ka

  1. not - negative particle
    Ke bà fue a bápánenì ne ka.
    That person is not my friend.

References

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  • Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

Somali

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Etymology 1

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Preposition

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ka

  1. from
  2. away from
  3. out of
  4. about, concerning
Usage notes
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  • In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
    Ka imow. ― To come from.
    Ka keen. ― To bring from.

Etymology 2

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Article

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ka

  1. Alternative spelling of -ka
    Garaash ka fur. ― Open the garage.

References

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  • Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎[13], Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka f (plural kas)

  1. Name of the letter k

Further reading

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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ka

  1. Romanization of 𒅗 (ka)

Sundanese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Sundanese ka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

Preposition

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ka (Sundanese script ᮊ)

  1. to, towards
    Synonym: kana
    ka kalér ― to the north
    ka Bandung ― to Bandung
    ka pasar ― to the market

Etymology 2

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From Hokkien 膠 / 胶 (ka, “glue”).

Noun

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ka (Sundanese script ᮊ)

  1. buffalo hide glue
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Clipping of aka.

Noun

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ka (Sundanese script ᮊ)

  1. term of address for an older brother
    Synonyms: a, kang

Further reading

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Swahili

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Etymology

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From the -ka- consecutive tense marker.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ka

  1. and then (used between a series of actions that happened soon closely together)

Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Influenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
  2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abecedario
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ) (postpositive)

  1. you (second person singular)
Usage notes
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  • The word ka usually replaces ikaw when in the middle of a clause.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayo.
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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See also
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Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual1 kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita2
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
2 Replaces ko ikaw.

Etymology 3

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From clipping of wika.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

  1. Alternative spelling of 'ka
Derived terms
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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From English car.

Noun

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ka

  1. car

Tuvaluan

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Particle

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ka

  1. future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Ujir

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Numeral

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ka

  1. four

References

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  • Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages

Veps

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

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ka

  1. yes
  2. certainly, absolutely
  3. naturally, of course
  4. let's [with first-person plural imperative]

Conjunction

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ka

  1. but
  2. then (in "if...then" constructions)

References

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Volapük

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Conjunction

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ka

  1. than (used for comparisons)

Ye'kwana

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Alternative forms

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  • cha (allomorph after i)

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ka

  1. Forms a polar (yes/no) question.

Usage notes

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In most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.

References

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  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[15], Lyon, pages 158–159

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Cognate with Igala káà

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kà

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to count
  2. (intransitive, transitive) to read
Usage notes
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  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Likely cognate with Igala kà (“to tell”) and Igbo kà (“to speak”), perhaps related to Nupe gàn

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kà

  1. (transitive) to confess (literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes
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  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
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  • ìkà (“the act of confession”)
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kà

  1. to buy things in the hundreds
Usage notes
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  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Cognate with Igala ká

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ká

  1. (transitive) to pluck fruit (from a tree)
  2. to break something; to knock off something
  3. (idiomatic) to become snapped under pressure
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ká

  1. (transitive) to curl or fold something
    Fọlá, wá bá mi ká aṣọ! ― Fọla, come and help me fold the clothes
  2. (intransitive) to become curled or folded
  3. to constrain someone (often via supernatural means)
  4. (idiomatic) to get something under control
    apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká ilé ― The arm of the palm cannot control the house (Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ká

  1. to be everywhere
Usage notes
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  • Used especially in the V2 position
Derived terms
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