Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sēaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sēaną

to sow, to disperse (seeds)

Inflection

Conjugation of *sēaną (strong class 7d)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sēō	*sēaų	—	*sēai	?
2nd singular	*sēizi	*sēaiz	*sē	*sēazai	*sēaizau
3rd singular	*sēidi	*sēai	*sēadau	*sēadai	*sēaidau
1st dual	*sēōz	*sēaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sēadiz	*sēaidiz	*sēadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sēamaz	*sēaim	—	*sēandai	*sēaindau
2nd plural	*sēid	*sēaid	*sēid	*sēandai	*sēaindau
3rd plural	*sēandi	*sēain	*sēandau	*sēandai	*sēaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sezō	*sezōį̄
2nd singular	*sezōt	*sezōīz
3rd singular	*sezō	*sezōī
1st dual	*sezōū	*sezōīw
2nd dual	*sezōudiz	*sezōīdiz
1st plural	*sezōum	*sezōīm
2nd plural	*sezōud	*sezōīd
3rd plural	*sezōun	*sezōīn

	present	past
participles	*sēandz	*sēanaz

Derived terms

*sēdiz

Related terms

*sēmô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sāan
- Old English: sāwan
  - Middle English: sawen, sowȝen, sewȝen, soghen, sowen
    - English: sow
    - Scots: saw
- Old Frisian: seā, siā
  - >? West Frisian: saaie (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: sāian
  - Middle Low German: seien, seyen, seygen, seigen, sêgen, seigen, seighen, seigen, segen, seghen, seegen, zeygen, zeyghen, zegen, saien, sajen, seien, zeien, seihen, seggen
    - German Low German: saien
- Old Dutch: *sāien
  - Middle Dutch: sâyen
    - Dutch: zaaien
      - Afrikaans: saai
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: sai
      - Negerhollands: saai, saey, saej
      - → Aukan: sai
    - Limburgish: zèjje
- Old High German: sāwen, sāen
  - Middle High German: sāwen, sæwen, sæhen, sææen, sēgen, sēwen, sēn, sein, sān, sæn, sæen, sæjen
    - German: säen
    - Luxembourgish: séien
Old Norse: sá
- Icelandic: sá
- Faroese: sáa
- Old Swedish: sā
  - Swedish: så
- Danish: så
- Norwegian: så
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian)
→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *heittädäk (< earlier *sēja-/*sēje-)
→? Proto-Finnic: *haja- (< *sāja-, later borrowing)