sá

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sa"

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔɑː/
• Rhymes: -ɔɑː
• Homophone: sáð

Etymology 1

From Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Verb

sá

1. first-person singular past of síggja

   eg kom, sá og sigraði

   vēnī, vīdī, vīcī (Julius Caesar)

2. third-person singular past of síggja

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sá, a descendant from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só. Related to Old Norse sjá.

Pronoun

sá (feminine sú, neuter tað)

1. (obsolete, demonstrative) that, that one, he (referring to something or someone which is about to be specified further or has just been mentioned)

Declension

Demonstrative pronoun - ávísingarfornavn
Singular (eintal)	m	f	n
Nominative (hvørfall)	tann (sá)†	tann (sú)†	tað
Accusative (hvønnfall)	tann	ta (tí) (tá)†
Dative (hvørjumfall)	tí (tann) (teim)†	teirri / tí	tí
Genitive (hvørsfall)	tess	teirrar	tess
Plural (fleirtal)	m	f	n
Nominative (hvørfall)	teir	tær	tey
Accusative (hvønnfall)	teir (tá)†
Dative (hvørjumfall)	teimum (teim)†
Genitive (hvørsfall)	teirra

Anagrams

• ás

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sauː/
• Rhymes: -auː

Etymology 1

From Old Norse sá (“to sow”), from Proto-Germanic *sēaną, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-.

Verb

sá (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative sáði, supine sáð)

1. to sow

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sá, a descendant from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só. Related to Old Norse sjá.

Pronoun

sá (feminine sú, neuter það)

1. (demonstrative) that, that one, he (referring to something or someone which is about to be specified further or has just been mentioned)

Declension

    declension

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sá	sú	það
accusative	þann	þá	það
dative	þeim	þeirri	því
genitive	þess	þeirrar	þess
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	þeir	þær	þau
accusative	þá	þær	þau
dative	þeim	þeim	þeim
genitive	þeirra	þeirra	þeirra

Derived terms

• sá sami

Etymology 3

See sjá.

Verb

sá

1. [he/she/it] saw, first or third-person singular indicative past tense of sjá ‘to see’
2. [I] saw, first or third-person singular indicative past tense of sjá ‘to see’

Anagrams

• ás

Irish

Alternative forms

• sáthadh (Ulster, obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /sˠɑː/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈsˠaːhu/ (corresponding to the form sáthadh)

Noun

sá m (genitive singular as substantive sá, genitive as verbal noun sáite, nominative plural sáite)

1. verbal noun of sáigh

   Synonym: ropadh

2. a thrust, stab

   Synonym: rop

3. push, press
4. dart, lunge
5. stake

Declension

As substantive

Declension of sá

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative sá sáite Vocative a shá a sháite Genitive sá sáite Dative sá sáite

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an sá na sáite Genitive an tsá na sáite Dative leis an sá don sá leis na sáite

As verbal noun

Declension of sá

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative sá Vocative a shá Genitive sáite Dative sá

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an sá Genitive an tsáite Dative leis an sá don sá

Derived terms

• sá-phlána m (“thrust-plane”)

Verb

sá

1. analytic present subjunctive of sáigh

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sá	shá after an, tsá	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sá”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sá”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “sá”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 65

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só. Related to Old Norse sjá.

Pronoun

sá (feminine sú, neuter þat)

1. this, that

Declension

Old Norse demonstrative pronouns

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sá	sú	þat
accusative	þann	þá	þat
dative	þeim	þeirri	því, þí
genitive	þess	þeirrar	þess
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	þeir	þær	þau
accusative	þá	þær	þau
dative	þeim	þeim	þeim
genitive	þeira, þeirra	þeira, þeirra	þeira, þeirra

Descendants

• Icelandic: sá
• Faroese: sá
• Old Swedish: sa

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *sēaną, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-. Compare Old English sāwan (English sow), Old Saxon sāian, Old High German sāen, sāwen (German säen), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian).

Verb

sá

2. to sow

Conjugation

Conjugation of sá — active (strong class 7, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	sá
present participle	sáandi
past participle	sáinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sæ	sera, søra
2nd-person singular	sær	serir, sørir
3rd-person singular	sær	seri, søri
1st-person plural	sám	serum, sørum
2nd-person plural	sáið	seruð, søruð
3rd-person plural	sá	seru, søru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sá	sera, søra
2nd-person singular	sáir	serir, sørir
3rd-person singular	sái	seri, søri
1st-person plural	sáim	serim, sørim
2nd-person plural	sáið	serið, sørið
3rd-person plural	sái	seri, søri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sá
1st-person plural	sám
2nd-person plural	sáið

Conjugation of sá — mediopassive (strong class 7, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	sásk
present participle	sáandisk
past participle	sáizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	sámk	serumk, sørumk
2nd-person singular	sæsk	serisk, sørisk
3rd-person singular	sæsk	serisk, sørisk
1st-person plural	sámsk	serumsk, sørumsk
2nd-person plural	sáizk	seruzk, søruzk
3rd-person plural	sáask	serusk, sørusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	sámk	serumk, sørumk
2nd-person singular	sáisk	serisk, sørisk
3rd-person singular	sáisk	serisk, sørisk
1st-person plural	sáimsk	serimsk, sørimsk
2nd-person plural	sáizk	serizk, sørizk
3rd-person plural	sáisk	serisk, sørisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	sásk
1st-person plural	sámsk
2nd-person plural	sáizk

Descendants

• Danish: så
• Faroese: sáa
• Icelandic: sá
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: så
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: så
• Swedish: så

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sá

1. first/third-person singular past active indicative of sjá

Tetum

Pronoun

sá

1. what

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [saː˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˨˩˦] ~ [saː˨˩˦]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂaː˦˥] ~ [saː˦˥]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *k-raːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ (“road, way”); cognate with Muong khá, Pacoh carna (through an infixed form), Chong kraː and Proto-Palaungic *kraːʔ.

Noun

sá • (詫, 垞)

1. (obsolete) road
   • 13th century, Trần Nhân Tông, Cư Trần lạc đạo phú 居塵樂道賦, Đệ thất hội 第七會:

     學(Học)隊(đòi)機(cơ)祖(tổ)詫(sá)禪(thiền)空(không)坤(khôn)卒(chút)別(biết)尼(nơi)

     By learning after the fore-elder's methods, on the path of Zen it shall not be any bit hard to know where.

Usage notes

Sá is the native Vietnamese word that has been replaced by the more common loanword đường, however remains fossilised in compounds such as đường sá (“roads”), sá cày (“furrow”), the latter of which is again contracted to sá in the idiom trâu quá sá (“buffalo beyond [the age to plough] the furrow (lit.); to be past one's prime (fig.)”).

Etymology 2

Verb

sá • (吒, 咤, 詫)

1. (dated, chiefly in the negative or rhetorical) to mind, to care

   Synonyms: quản, màng, lo

   • 13th century, Trần Nhân Tông, Cư Trần lạc đạo phú 居塵樂道賦, Đệ nhị hội 第二會:

     倿(Cầm)戒(giới)行(hạnh)敵(địch)無(vô)常(thường)儍(nào)固(có)詫(sá)求(cầu)名(danh)半(bán)角(chác)

     One keeps precepts and virtues, and defies impermanence, not at all caring to seek reputation in a venal manner (literally, “seek reputation to buy and sell”).

   • 1941, “Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên”, Hoàng Mai Lưu (lyrics), Lưu Hữu Phước (music)‎^[1]performed by The Voice of Vietnam's Men's and Women's Choir:

     Này anh em ơi, tiến lên đến ngày giải phóng!
     Đồng lòng cùng đi, đi, đi! Sá gì thân sống?

     Brothers and sisters, march forth towards liberation's day!
     Let's go together without a care about our lives!