biedrs
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
A nominalized version of an earlier adjective biedrs “bound, linked”, from Proto-Baltic *bend- with an extra (adjectivizing) -ro (cf. stipt (“to become rigid, to harden”) : stiprs (“strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to join, to bind, to tie”), whence also Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bindan), Old High German bintan, German binden, English bind. Cognates include Lithuanian beñdras (“comrade, participant; (adj.) common, shared”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
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Noun edit
biedrs m (1st declension, feminine form: biedre or biedrene)
- (male) colleague, mate, comrade (a person with whom one works, studies, together, e.g. as part of a group or team)
- darba biedrs ― workmate
- cīņu biedrs ― comrade-in-arms (lit. fight, struggle mate)
- klases biedrs, skolas biedrs ― classmate, schoolmate
- (male) companion, mate, fellow (a person with whom one spends time, travels, plays, lives)
- istabas biedrs ― roommate
- ceļa biedrs, ceļabiedrs ― fellow traveller
- sarunu biedrs ― interlocutor (lit. conversation mate)
- dzīves biedrs, dzīvesbiedrs ― husband, spouse (lit. life mate)
- laika biedrs, laikabiedrs ― contemporary (lit. time mate)
- satikt bērnu dienu rotaļu biedru ― to meet a childhood playmate
- Ceplis uzmeta zīmīgu skatienu pārējiem galda biedriem ― Ceplis cast a significant look at (his) other table mates
- (of organizations) (male) member, fellow
- (komunistiskās) partijas biedrs ― (communist) party member
- arodbiedrības biedri ― union members
- biedra karte ― member(ship) card
- uzņemt jaunus biedrus organizācijā ― to receive new members into the organization
- maksāt biedru naudu ― to pay a membership fee
- goda biedrs, godabiedrs ― honorary member
- (dated, during Soviet occupation) (male) comrade (generic form of address to people with whom the speaker is not personally acquainted)
- godājamie biedri! ― honorable comrades!
- sanāksmē piedalījās biedrs Alksnis ― comrade Alksnis participated in the meeting
- biedrs profesors izteica interesantu priekšlikumu ― comrade professor made an interesting proposal
Declension edit
Declension of biedrs (1st declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | biedrs | biedri |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | biedru | biedrus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | biedra | biedru |
| dative (datīvs) | biedram | biedriem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | biedru | biedriem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | biedrā | biedros |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | biedr | biedri |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “biedrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN