binden
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
binden
- (transitive) To tie.
- (transitive) To wrap.
- (transitive) To bind (generally, legally/contractually).
- (intransitive) To bind, to thicken (of food).
Inflection edit
Inflection of binden (strong class 3a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | binden | |||
past singular | bond | |||
past participle | gebonden | |||
infinitive | binden | |||
gerund | binden n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | bind | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | bindt | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | bindt | bond | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | bindt | bondt | ||
3rd person singular | bindt | bond | ||
plural | binden | bonden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | binde | bonde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | binden | bonden | ||
imperative sing. | bind | |||
imperative plur.1 | bindt | |||
participles | bindend | gebonden | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.
- Er hat den Hund an den Zaun gebunden.
- He's bound the dog to the fence.
- Aus den Zweigen binde ich einen Kranz.
- From the twigs I’ll bind a wreath.
- ein Buch binden ― to bind a book
- (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc.
- Ich binde mir die Schuhe. ― I'm tying my shoes.
- Sie hat sich einen Zopf gebunden.
- She's tied her hair into a ponytail.
- Er hat sich einen Schal um den Hals gebunden.
- He's tied a scarf around his neck.
- (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind
- Mein Vertrag bindet mich. ― My contract binds me.
- Ich bin vertraglich gebunden. ― I'm bound by a contract.
- (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage)
- (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (transitive, of substances) to capture; to absorb (carbon dioxide etc.)
- (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond
- (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison
- Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.
- There is no liaison with French singular nouns.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | bindend | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ihr bindet | du bindest | ihr bindet | ||
er bindet | sie binden | er binde | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich band | wir banden | ii | ich bände1 | wir bänden1 |
du bandest du bandst |
ihr bandet | du bändest1 | ihr bändet1 | ||
er band | sie banden | er bände1 | sie bänden1 | ||
imperative | bind (du) binde (du) |
bindet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
- abbinden
- anbinden
- Angebinde
- aufbinden
- Ausbund
- Band
- Binde
- Bindedraht
- Bindegarn
- Bindegewebe
- Bindehaut
- Bindemittel
- Binden
- bindend
- Binder
- Binderei
- Bindestrich
- Bindeton
- Bindewort
- Bindfaden
- Bindung
- Buchbinder
- Bund
- Einband
- einbinden
- entbinden
- Gebinde
- umbinden
- ungebunden
- unterbinden
- unverbindlich
- verbinden
- verbindlich
- Verbindlichkeit
- Verbindung
- Verbund
- zubinden
Further reading edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.
Verb edit
binden
Inflection edit
Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | binden | |
3rd sg. past | bant | |
3rd pl. past | bonden | |
Past participle | gebonden | |
Infinitive | binden | |
In genitive | bindens | |
In dative | bindene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bant |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bonts, bondes |
3rd singular | bint, bindet | bant |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bont, bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | binde | bonde |
2nd singular | bints, bindes | bondes |
3rd singular | binde | bonde |
1st plural | binden | bonden |
2nd plural | bint, bindet | bondet |
3rd plural | binden | bonden |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | bint, binde | |
Plural | bint, bindet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | bindende | gebonden |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “binden (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “binden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde + -en (infinitival suffix).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
binden
- To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
- To wrap; to enclose in wrapping.
- To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
- To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.
- To connect or link (especially by binding):
- (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
- (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.
- To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
- To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:
- To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.
- (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.
- To force or compel (to perform an action):
- To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.
- To evacuate; to induce constipation.
- To unify or join; to make one.
- To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.
- (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.
- (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)
Usage notes edit
This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | (to) binden, binde | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | binde | band, bond, bound | |
2nd-person singular | bindest | bounde, bonde, band | |
3rd-person singular | bindeth | band, bond, bound | |
subjunctive singular | binde | bounde1, bonde1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | binden, binde | bounden, bounde, bonden, bonde | |
imperative plural | bindeth, binde | — | |
participles | bindynge, bindende | bounden, bounde, ybounden, ybounde |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “bī̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-27.
Middle High German edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind.
Verb edit
binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense bant, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bünde, auxiliary hân)
- to bind
Conjugation edit
infinitive | binden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | bindennes bindenes | ||||
dative gerund | bindenne bindene | ||||
present participle | bindende | ||||
past participle | gebunden | ||||
auxiliary | hân | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich binde | wir binden | i | ich binde | wir binden |
du bindest | ir bindet | du bindest | ir bindet | ||
ër bindet | sie bindent | ër binde | sie binden | ||
preterite | ich bant | wir bunden | ii | ich bünde | wir bünden |
du bünde | ir bundet | du bündest | ir bündet | ||
ër bant | sie bunden | ër bünde | sie bünden | ||
imperative | bint (du) | bindet (ir) |
Descendants edit
References edit
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “binden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke[1], Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Middle Low German edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon bindan (“to bind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
binden
- To bind.
Conjugation edit
Plain Infinitive | binden | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô bindene or tô bindende | |||
Verbal Noun | binden or bindent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | bindende | 2nd Person Singular | bint | |
Past | gebunden | 2nd Person Plural | bindet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | binde | bant | binde | bünde |
2nd Person Singular | bindest or bintst | bundest or bündest | bindest | bündest |
3rd Person Singular | bindet or bint | bant | bindet | bünde |
Plural | binden (bindet?) | bunden or bünden | binden | bünden |