Etymology
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From Middle English pleyen, playen, pleȝen, plæien, also Middle English plaȝen, plawen (compare English plaw), from Old English pleġan, pleoġan, plæġan, and Old English plegian, pleagian, plagian (“to play, exercise, etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *plehan (“to care about, be concerned with”) and Proto-West Germanic *plegōn (“to engage, move”); both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *blek- (“to move, move about”), from Proto-Indo-European *bal- (compare Ancient Greek βλύω (blúō), βλύζω (blúzō, “I gush out, spring”), Sanskrit बल्बलीति (balbalīti, “it whirls, twirls”)).
cognates and related terms
Cognate with Scots play (“to act or move briskly, cause to move, stir”), Saterland Frisian pleegje (“to look after, care for, maintain”), West Frisian pleegje, pliigje (“to commit, perform, bedrive”), Middle Dutch pleyen ("to dance, leap for joy, rejoice, be glad"; compare Modern Dutch pleien (“to play a particular children's game”)), Dutch plegen (“to commit, bedrive, practice”), German pflegen (“to care for, be concerned with, attend to, tend”). Related also to Old English plēon (“to risk, endanger”). More at plight, pledge.
The noun is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, plega, plæġa (“play, quick motion, movement, exercise; (athletic) sport, game; festivity, drama; battle; gear for games, an implement for a game; clapping with the hands, applause”), deverbative of plegian (“to play”); see above.
Pronunciation
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play (third-person singular simple present plays, present participle playing, simple past and past participle played)
- (intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.
The children played in the park.
2001, Annabelle Sabloff, Reordering the Natural World, Univ. of Toronto Press, page 83:A youngster […] listed some of the things his pet did not do: […] go on vacation, play in the same way that he did with his friends, and so on.
- 2003, Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont et al. (eds.), Joining Society: Social Interaction and Learning in Adolescence and Youth, Cambridge Univ. Press, p.52:
- (transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).
- Hypernym: try
- Hyponym: replay
He plays on three teams.
Who's playing now?
play football
play sports
play games
- (transitive) To compete against, in a game.
- We're playing one of the top teams in the next round.
2011 November 12, “International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, in BBC Sport:England will not be catapulted among the favourites for Euro 2012 as a result of this win, but no victory against Spain is earned easily and it is right they take great heart from their efforts as they now prepare to play Sweden at Wembley on Tuesday.
- (transitive) (in the scoring of games and sports) To be the opposing score to.
- Look at the score now ... 23 plays 8!
- (intransitive) To take part in amorous activity; to make love.
- Synonyms: get it on, make out, have sex; see also Thesaurus:copulate
- To gamble.
1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 407:“I play, comparatively, very little; I don't drink a fifth part so much as half the people I live with; and I reckon myself, upon the whole, a very orderly, sober fellow.”
- (transitive) To act as the indicated role, especially in a performance.
He plays the King, and she’s the Queen.
No part of the brain plays the role of permanent memory.
- 1984, Chris Robinson, commercial for Vicks Formula 44:
I'm not a doctor, but I do play one on TV.
2023 June 29, City AM, London, page 18, column 2:An opening sequence, featuring a de-aged Ford playing a younger Indy, is a bold and nostalgic gambit, offering a glimpse of what you've missed.
- (transitive, intransitive) To produce music or theatre.
- (intransitive, especially of a person) To produce music using a musical instrument.
- Synonyms: cook, jam; see also Thesaurus:play music
I've practiced the piano off and on, but I still can't play very well.
- (intransitive, of a musical instrument) To produce music.
- This piano plays out of tune.
2007, Dan Erlewine, Guitar Player Repair Guide, →ISBN, page 220:If your guitar plays well on fretted strings but annoys you on the open ones, the nut's probably worn out.
- (transitive, especially of a person) To produce music (or a specified song or musical style) using (a specified musical instrument).
I'll play the piano and you sing.
Can you play an instrument?
We especially like to play jazz together.
Play a song for me.
Do you know how to play Für Elise?
My son thinks he can play music.
- (transitive, ergative) To use a device to watch or listen to the indicated recording.
You can play the DVD now.
This DVD is scratched and won't play.
- (intransitive, of a theatrical performance) To be performed; (or of a film) to be shown.
His latest film is playing in the local theatre tomorrow.
- (transitive, of a theatrical company or band, etc.) To perform in or at; to give performances in or at.
2008, My Life: From Normandy to Hockeytown, →ISBN, page 30:I got a hold of Louis (Satchmo) Armstrong's agent and I explained to him on the phone that, "I know you're playing London on Wednesday night. Why don't you come and play the Arena in Windsor on Saturday night?"
- (transitive) To act or perform (a play).
to play a comedy
- To behave in a particular way.
- (copulative) Contrary to fact, to give an appearance of being.
1985, Sharon S. Brehm, Intimate Relationships:Playing hard to get is not the same as slamming the door in someone's face.
1996, Michael P. Malone, James J Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest:Now, surveying his final link, he had the nice advantage of being able to play coy with established port cities that desperately wanted his proven railroad.
2003, John U. Ogbu, Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement, page 194:Instead, they played dumb, remained silent, and did their classwork.
- (intransitive) To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.
a. 1700, William Temple, “Of Health and Long-life”, in Miscellanea. The Third Part. [...], London: […] Jonathan Swift, […] Benjamin Tooke, […], published 1701, →OCLC, page 167:Thus Men are apt to play with their Healths and their Lives as they do with their Cloaths: [...]
- (intransitive) To act; to behave; to practice deception.
c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:His mother played false with a smith.
- (transitive) To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute.
to play tricks
1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Nature here
Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will
Her virgin fancies.
1920, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Avery Hopwood, chapter I, in The Bat: A Novel from the Play (Dell Book; 241), New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, →OCLC:The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.
- (African-American Vernacular, intransitive) To kid; to joke; say something for amusement.
2016, T. Styles, “seventeen”, in Clown Niggas[1], United States of America: The Cartel Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 161:He grew serious. “Sorry, E.M. Just fucking around.”
“Well, I don’t play like that and you know it.”
- (transitive, intransitive) To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate.
The fountain plays.
He played the torch beam around the room.
1705, George Cheyne, Philosophical Principles of Religion:The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play.
1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it.
1972, “Thick As A Brick”, Ian Anderson (lyrics), performed by Jethro Tull:The Poet and the Painter
Casting shadows on the water
As the sun plays on the infantry
Returning from the sea.
- (intransitive) To move to and fro.
c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act INDUCTION, scene ii]:the waving sedges play with wind
1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene v, page 1:The setting sun
Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
- (transitive) To put in action or motion.
to play cannon upon a fortification
to play a trump in a card game
- (transitive) To keep in play, as a hooked fish in order to land it.
- (transitive, colloquial) To manipulate, deceive, or swindle someone.
- Synonym: defraud
You played me!
2020, “Ballad Of You & I”, performed by Hotel Lux:If this our song, you're the composer
I'm not a game, but you play me anyway
Translations
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act in a manner such that one has fun
- Afrikaans: speel (af)
- Aleut: mikal
- Arabic: لَعِبَ (ar) (laʕiba)
- Egyptian Arabic: لعب (liʕib)
- Hijazi Arabic: لعب (liʕib)
- Aragonese: chugar (an)
- Aramaic:
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܛܲܐܸܠ (ṭāel)
- Syriac: ܫܥܐ (šʿa)
- Armenian: խաղալ (hy) (xaġal)
- Aromanian: gioc
- Assamese: খেলা (khela)
- Asturian: xugar (ast)
- Azerbaijani: oynamaq (az)
- Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw)
- Basque: jokatu
- Belarusian: граць impf (hracʹ), ігра́ць impf (ihrácʹ)
- Bengali: খেলা (bn) (khela)
- Bikol Central: kawat (bcl)
- Bulgarian: игра́я (bg) impf (igrája)
- Burmese: ဆော့ (my) (hcau.)
- Catalan: jugar (ca)
- Chickasaw: chokoshkomo
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 玩 (waan2)
- Hokkien: 𨑨迌 (zh-min-nan) (chhit-thô, thit-thô)
- Mandarin: 玩 (zh) (wán), 玩兒/玩儿 (zh) (wánr), 玩耍 (zh) (wánshuǎ)
- Chukchi: увичвэтык
- Corsican: ghjucà (co)
- Czech: hrát (cs) impf
- Danish: lege
- Dolgan: оойноо (ooynoo), оойньоо (ooyńoo)
- Dutch: spelen (nl)
- Esperanto: ludi (eo)
- Estonian: mängima
- Evenki: эвидеми (əwiʒemi)
- Faroese: spæla (fo), leika (fo)
- Finnish: leikkiä (fi) (usually of children), telmiä (fi) (of physical activity), pitää hauskaa (fi)
- French: jouer (fr), s’amuser (fr)
- Middle French: iouer, jouer
- Old French: joer
- Friulian: zuiâ, ğujâ
- Galician: xogar (gl)
- Georgian: თამაში (tamaši), თამაშობა (tamašoba)
- German: spielen (de)
- Alemannic German: schpile
- Greek: παίζω (el) (paízo)
- Ancient: παίζω (paízō), ἀθύρω (athúrō)
- Greenlandic: pinnguarpoq
- Guaraní: ñembosarái
- Hebrew: שִׂחֵק / שיחק (he) (sikhék), השתעשע (hishta'ashéa)
- Hindi: खेलना (hi) (khelnā)
- Hungarian: játszik (hu)
- Hunsrik: spiele
- Icelandic: leika (is), leika sér (is)
- Indonesian: bermain (id), main (id), memainkan (id) (transitive only)
- Ingrian: tiukkaa, pelata
- Interlingua: jocar
- Irish: imir, súgradh
- Italian: giocare (it)
- Japanese: 遊ぶ (ja) (あそぶ, asobu)
- Javanese: dolan (jv)
- Kalmyk: наадх (naadx)
- Kambera: pajulu
- Karelian: elostua
- Kashmiri: گِنٛدُن (gindun)
- Kashubian: grac
- Kazakh: ойнау (oinau)
- Khakas: ойнирға (oynirğa)
- Khmer: លេង (km) (leing)
- Korean: 놀다 (ko) (nolda)
- Kumyk: ойнамакъ (oynamaq)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: یاری کردن (yarî kirdin)
- Northern Kurdish: lîstin (ku), yarî kirin (ku)
- Kyrgyz: ойноо (ky) (oynoo)
- Laboya: maleng
- Ladino: djugar, djuguar
- Lao: ຫຼິ້ນ (lin)
- Latgalian: kaitavuot
- Latin: lūdō (la), iocō (la)
- Latvian: spēlēt
- Ligurian: zugâ
- Lingala: kosakana
- Lingao: ȵam¹
- Lithuanian: žaisti (lt)
- Lombard: giugà (lmo)
- Low German:
- German Low German: spelen
- Lushootseed: ʔukʷukʷ, č̓aʔa
- Macedonian: игра impf (igra)
- Malay: bermain
- Malayalam: കളിക്കുക (ml) (kaḷikkuka)
- Manchu: ᡝᡶᡳᠮᠪᡳ (efimbi)
- Marathi: खेळणे (kheḷṇe)
- Mòcheno: spiln
- Mongolian: тоглох (mn) (toglox)
- Navajo: naashné
- Neapolitan: jucà, pazzià
- Nepali: खेल्नु (ne) (khelnu)
- Ngazidja Comorian: utsapvuha
- Ngunawal: woggabaliri
- Norman: jouer
- Norwegian: leke (no)
- O'odham: cicwi
- Occitan: jogar (oc), jugar (oc)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: играти impf (igrati)
- Old East Slavic: играти impf (igrati)
- Old English: lācan, gamenian, plegan, spilian
- Old Galician-Portuguese: jogar
- Papiamentu: hunga
- Pashto: لوبې کول (ps) (lobe kawəl), لوبول (lobawəl)
- Persian: بازی کردن (fa) (bâzi kardan)
- Picard: jouer
- Polish: grać (pl) impf, bawić się (pl) impf
- Portuguese: jogar (pt), brincar (pt)
- Quechua: pukllay, awsay, pukllai
- Romani: khelel
- Romanian: juca (ro)
- Romansch: giugar
- Russian: игра́ть (ru) impf (igrátʹ), поигра́ть (ru) pf (poigrátʹ), играться (ru) (igratʹsja)
- Sanskrit: खेलति (sa) (khelati), क्रीडति (sa) (krīḍati)
- Sardinian: giogae, giogai, giogare, zogare
- Scottish Gaelic: cluich, (children) cleasaich
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: и̏грати impf
- Roman: ȉgrati (sh) impf
- Shan: လဵၼ်ႈ (shn) (lāen)
- Sicilian: giucari (scn), jucari (scn)
- Slovak: hrať impf
- Slovene: igráti (sl) impf
- Somali: ciyaarid
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: graś impf
- Upper Sorbian: hrać impf, zahrać pf
- Southern Altai: ойноор (oynoor)
- Spanish: jugar (es)
- Sundanese: ameng (su)
- Swedish: leka (sv)
- Tagalog: maglaro
- Tajik: бозӣ кардан (bozī kardan)
- Tamil: விளையாடு (ta) (viḷaiyāṭu)
- Tausug: panayam
- Telugu: ఆడు (te) (āḍu)
- Thai: เล่น (th) (lên)
- Tibetan: རྩེད་མོ་རྩེ (rtsed mo rtse)
- Tocharian B: kāñm-
- Tofa: ойнаар (oynaar)
- Tok Pisin: pilai
- Turkish: oynamak (tr)
- Turkmen: oýnamak
- Tuvan: ойнаар (oynaar)
- Ukrainian: гра́ти (uk) impf (hráty), гра́тися (uk) impf (hrátysja), ба́витися (uk) impf (bávytysja)
- Urdu: کھیلنا (khelnā)
- Uyghur: ئوينىماق (oynimaq)
- Uzbek: oʻynamoq (uz)
- Venetian: xugar (vec), zugar, xogar, zogar (vec)
- Vietnamese: chơi (vi)
- Walloon: djouwer (wa)
- Welsh: chwarae (cy)
- Yakut: оонньоо (oonnyoo)
- Yiddish: שפּילן (shpiln)
- Yucatec Maya: báaxal
- Zealandic: spele, speule
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produce music using a musical instrument (transitive sense), affecting a noun
- Arabic: عَزَفَ (ʕazafa)
- Armenian: նվագել (hy) (nvagel)
- Assamese: বজোৱা (bozüa), বোৱা (büa)
- Azerbaijani: çalmaq (az)
- Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw), тартыу (tartıw)
- Basque: jo (eu)
- Belarusian: граць impf (hracʹ)
- Bengali: বাজানো (bn) (bajanō)
- Bulgarian: свиря на impf (svirja na)
- Catalan: tocar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 演奏 (zh) (yǎnzòu), (string instruments including piano) 彈/弹 (zh) (tán)&(formal)彈奏/弹奏 (zh) (tánzòu), (string instruments with a bow such as violin) 拉 (zh) (lā), (wind instruments) 吹 (zh) (chuī)&(formal)吹奏 (zh) (chuīzòu), (percussion instruments, especially gong) 敲 (zh) (qiāo), (percussion instruments, especially drum) 打 (zh) (dǎ)
- Danish: spille på (da)
- Dolgan: оойноо (ooynoo), оойньоо (ooyńoo)
- Dutch: spelen (nl), bespelen (nl)
- Esperanto: muziki per, ludi (eo)
- Estonian: mängida
- Faroese: leika (fo), spæla (fo)
- Finnish: soittaa (fi)
- French: jouer de (fr)
- Galician: tocar (gl), tanguer (gl)
- Georgian: უკრავს (uḳravs)
- German: spielen (de)
- Greek: παίζω (el) (paízo)
- Guaraní: mbopu
- Hebrew: ניגן (ב־) (nigén (b'-))
- Hindi: बजाना (hi) (bajānā)
- Hungarian: játszik (hu) (noun specifying instrument in superessive case)
- Icelandic: spila, spila á
- Ido: plear (io)
- Indonesian: bermain (id), memainkan (id), membunyikan (id)
- Ingrian: soittaa
- Irish: seinn
- Italian: suonare (it)
- Japanese: えんそうする (ja) (えんそうする, ensō suru), 奏でる (ja) (かなでる, kanaderu) (string instruments including piano) 弾く (ja) (ひく, hiku), (wind instruments) 吹く (ja) (ふく, fuku), (drums) 叩く (ja) (たたく, tataku)
- Javanese: dolanan (jv)
- Karelian: soittua
- Khmer: ដេញ (km) (dəñ)
- Konkani: वाजंव्चे (vājavce)
- Korean: 치다 (ko) (chida)
- Kumyk: сокъмакъ (soqmaq)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: lê dan (ku), jenîn (ku)
- Latgalian: spieļuot
- Latin: cano (la)
- Latvian: spēlēt
- Lithuanian: groti
- Macedonian: свири на (sviri na)
- Maltese: daqq
- Maori: whakatangi
- Middle English: pleyen, singen
- Norman: jouer, sonner
- Occitan: tocar (oc)
- Old English: lācan, gliwian
- Ottoman Turkish: چالمق (çalmak)
- Pashto: ږغول (ps) (ģağawəl)
- Polish: grać na (pl) impf, muzykować na (pl) impf (+ locative)
- Portuguese: tocar (pt)
- Quechua: takiy (qu)
- Romanian: cânta (ro) (la)
- Russian: игра́ть (ru) impf (igrátʹ), поигра́ть (ru) pf (poigrátʹ) (+ на (na) + prepositional case)
- Serbo-Croatian: svirati (sh)
- Slovak: hrať
- Slovene: igrati (sl)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: graś impf
- Spanish: tocar (es)
- Swedish: spela (sv)
- Tagalog: tumugtog
- Thai: เล่น (th) (lên)
- Turkish: çalmak (tr)
- Ukrainian: гра́ти (uk) impf (hráty)
- Urdu: بجانا (bajānā)
- Yakut: оонньоо (oonnyoo)
- Yucatec Maya: pax
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produce music using a musical instrument (intransitive sense, not affecting a noun)
- Arabic: عَزَفَ (ʕazafa)
- Armenian: նվագել (hy) (nvagel)
- Assamese: বজা (boza)
- Azerbaijani: çalmaq (az)
- Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw)
- Bulgarian: свиря (bg) impf (svirja)
- Catalan: tocar (ca)
- Cherokee: ᎧᏃᎩᏍᏗᎭ (kanogisdiha)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 演奏 (zh) (yǎnzòu), (string instruments including piano) 彈/弹 (zh) (tán)&(formal)彈奏/弹奏 (zh) (tánzòu), (string instruments with a bow such as violin) 拉 (zh) (lā), (wind instruments) 吹 (zh) (chuī)&(formal)吹奏 (zh) (chuīzòu), (percussion instruments, especially gong) 敲 (zh) (qiāo), (percussion instruments, especially drum) 打 (zh) (dǎ)
- Czech: hrát (cs)
- Danish: spille (da)
- Dolgan: оойноо (ooynoo), оойньоо (ooyńoo)
- Dutch: spelen (nl)
- Esperanto: muziki
- Faroese: leika (fo), spæla (fo)
- Finnish: soittaa (fi)
- French: jouer (fr)
- Galician: tocar (gl)
- German: spielen (de)
- Greek: παίζω (el) (paízo)
- Hebrew: ניגן (nigén)
- Hungarian: játszik (hu)
- Icelandic: spila
- Ido: pleigar
- Indonesian: bermusik (id)
- Ingrian: soittaa
- Japanese: 演奏する (ja) (えんそうする, ensō suru)
- Javanese: nggitar (for guitar), nggamel (gamelan), nggambang (jv) (gambang), nyuling (jv) (flute instruments), nggendhang (gendhang), ngebiola (violin),
- Karelian: soittua
- Kumyk: сокъмакъ (soqmaq)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: مۆسیقا لێدان (mosîqa lêdan)
- Northern Kurdish: lê dan (ku), jenîn (ku)
- Latin: inflo, cano (la), sono
- Lithuanian: groti
- Macedonian: свири (sviri)
- Norman: jouer, sonner
- Old English: lācan
- Pashto: ږغول (ps) (ģağawəl)
- Polish: grać (pl)
- Portuguese: tocar (pt)
- Russian: игра́ть (ru) impf (igrátʹ), поигра́ть (ru) pf (poigrátʹ)
- Slovak: hrať
- Slovene: igrati (sl)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: graś impf
- Spanish: tocar (es)
- Swahili: -cheza (sw)
- Swedish: spela (sv)
- Tagalog: tumugtog
- Tibetan: རོལ་ཆ་བཏང (rol cha btang)
- Turkish: çalmak (tr)
- Yakut: оонньоо (oonnyoo)
- Yucatec Maya: paax
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deal with a situation in a diplomatic manner
participate in (a sport or game)
- Arabic: لَعِبَ (ar) (laʕiba)
- Armenian: խաղալ (hy) (xaġal)
- Azerbaijani: oynamaq (az)
- Bashkir: уйнау (uynaw)
- Bengali: খেলা (bn) (khela)
- Bulgarian: играя (bg) (igraja)
- Burmese: ကစား (my) (ka.ca:)
- Catalan: participar (ca), jugar (ca)
- Central Sierra Miwok: čatá·t- (acorn game)
- Cherokee: (ball) ᎠᎳᏍᎦᎵᎭ (alasgaliha), (cards) ᎠᏆᎾᏲᎯᎭ (aquanayohiha), (marbles) ᎦᏓᏲᎯᎭ (gadayohiha)
- Chickasaw: chokoshkomo
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 參與/参与 (zh) (cān yù), 參加/参加 (zh) (cān jiā), (games) 玩 (zh) (wán), (sports with pedal hitting, such as football) 踢 (zh) (tī), (sports with manual hitting, such as basketball and badminton) 打 (zh) (dǎ), (sports with throwing, such as discus throw) 擲/掷 (zh) (zhì)&(colloquial&informal) 扔 (zh) (rēng), (sports with pushing, such as shot put) 推 (zh) (tuī), (sports with running, such as marathon) 跑 (zh) (pǎo)
- Czech: hrát (cs)
- Danish: spille (da)
- Dutch: spelen (nl), meespelen (nl)
- Finnish: pelata (fi), osallistua (fi)
- French: jouer (à)
- Galician: xogar (gl)
- German: spielen (de)
- Alemannic German: schpile
- Greek: παίζω (el) (paízo)
- Hungarian: játszik (hu)
- Icelandic: spila, leika (is)
- Indonesian: bermain (id)
- Ingrian: tiukkaa, pelata
- Irish: imir
- Italian: giocare (it)
- Javanese: dolanan (jv)
- Kabuverdianu: juga
- Karelian: kižata
- Khakas: ойнирға (oynirğa)
- Khmer: លេង (km) (leing)
- Kumyk: ойнамакъ (oynamaq)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: یاری کردن (yarî kirdin)
- Northern Kurdish: lîstin (ku)
- Latin: lūdō (la)
- Lithuanian: žaisti (lt)
- Macedonian: игра (igra)
- Malayalam: കളിക്കുക (ml) (kaḷikkuka)
- Neapolitan: jucà
- Ngazidja Comorian: hura
- Pashto: لوبه کول (loba kawəl)
- Polish: grać w
- Portuguese: jogar (pt)
- Quechua: pukllay
- Romanian: juca (ro)
- Russian: игра́ть (ru) impf (igrátʹ)
- Slovene: igrati (sl)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: graś impf
- Spanish: jugar a
- Swahili: -cheza (sw)
- Swedish: spela (sv), lira (sv) (colloquial), köra (sv) (colloquial)
- Tagalog: maglaro
- Thai: เล่น (th) (lên)
- Turkish: oynamak (tr)
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use a device to watch or listen to the indicated recording
- Arabic: شَغَّلَ (šaḡḡala)
- Armenian: նվագարկել (nvagarkel)
- Assamese: চলোৱা (solüa)
- Bashkir: уйнатыу (uynatıw)
- Bengali: চালানো (bn) (calanō)
- Catalan: tocar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 播 (bo3)
- Mandarin: (please verify) 放 (zh) (fàng)
- Czech: hrát (cs), pustit (cs) pf
- Danish: afspille, starte
- Dutch: spelen (nl), afspelen (nl)
- Finnish: toistaa (fi), soittaa (fi)
- French: (the media is being played) mettre (fr), (to play an already inserted media) lancer (fr), (the media is the subject) tourner (fr), jouer (fr), reproduire (fr)
- Galician: reproducir (gl)
- German: abspielen (de), spielen (de)
- Hebrew: השמיע (he) (hishmía)
- Hungarian: lejátszik (hu)
- Icelandic: spila
- Indonesian: memutar (id)
- Irish: seinn
- Italian: riprodurre (it), mettere (it), mettere su
- Japanese: (please verify) 流す (ja) (nagasu)
- Khmer: លេង (km) (leing)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: لێدان (ckb) (lêdan)
- Northern Kurdish: dubare kirin (ku)
- Latvian: atskaņot
- Macedonian: пушта (pušta)
- Occitan: tocar (oc)
- Pashto: ږغول (ps) (ģağawəl)
- Polish: grać (pl), odtwarzać (pl), puścić (pl)
- Portuguese: tocar (pt), reproduzir (pt)
- Serbo-Croatian: reproducirati (sh) impf, puštati (sh) impf
- Slovene: predvajati
- Spanish: reproducir (es), poner (es), tocar (es)
- Swedish: spela (sv), spela upp (sv)
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put in action or motion
- Vietnamese: hạ (vi) (card games)
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manipulate or deceive someone
Translations to be checked
play (countable and uncountable, plural plays)
- (uncountable, formerly countable) Activity for amusement only, especially among the young.
Children learn through play.
1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:She was fond of all boys' plays, and greatly preferred cricket […] to dolls […]
- 1964, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
- You know, when I was around 7-11 years old, my favorite play would be "boys." One of us, Bridget, Maryellen, or I, would say "Let's play boys." We all had boy names, set up the pretend surroundings, and acted like boys.
- (uncountable) Similar activity in young animals, as they explore their environment and learn new skills.
This kind of play helps the young lion cubs develop their hunting skills.
- (uncountable) The conduct, or course, of a game.
Play was very slow in the first half.
After the rain break, play resumed at 3 o'clock.
The game was abandoned after 20 minutes' play
- (uncountable) An individual's performance in a sport or game.
His play has improved a lot this season.
- (countable) A short sequence of action within a game.
That was a great play by the Mudchester Rovers forward.
- (countable, turn-based games) An action carried out when it is one's turn to play.
- Synonym: move
2009, Joe Edley, John Williams, Everything Scrabble: Third Edition, page 85:AWARD is better than either WARED or WADER. However, there's an even better play! If you have looked at the two-to-make-three letter list, you may have noticed the word AWA.
- (countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.
- Synonyms: drama; see also Thesaurus:drama
This book contains all of Shakespeare's plays.
- (countable) A theatrical performance featuring actors.
We saw a two-act play in the theatre.
- (countable) An attempt to move forward, as in a plan or strategy, for example by a business, investor, or political party.
ABC Widgets makes a play in the bicycle market with its bid to take over Acme Sprockets.
Turpin signals the Metric Party's long-term play for housing reform
- (countable) A geological formation that contains an accumulation or prospect of hydrocarbons or other resources.
- (uncountable) Movement (of a pattern of light etc.)
the play of light and shadow across the boy's face
1956, Nyanatiloka Mahåthera, Fundamentals of Buddhism Four Lectures:the sum of mental and physical phenomena known by the conventional name “person” or “individual” is not at all the mere play of blind chance.
- (uncountable) The extent to which a part of a mechanism can move freely, as for example lash, backlash, or slack.
No wonder the fanbelt is slipping: there’s too much play in it.
Too much play in a steering wheel may be dangerous.
- (uncountable, informal) Sexual activity or sexual role-playing.
1996, Sabrina P Ramet, Gender reversals and gender cultures:The rarity of male domination in fantasy play is readily explained.
- 1996, "toptigger", (on Internet newsgroup alt.personals.spanking.punishment)
- Palm Springs M seeks sane F 4 safe bdsm play
2013, Rachel Kramer Bussel, Best Bondage Erotica 2014:There were none of the usual restrictions on public nudity or sexual interaction in the club environment. Still, the night was young, and as he'd made his way to the bar to order Mistress Ramona a gin and tonic, he'd seen little in the way of play.
2014, Jiri T. Servant, Facts About Bondage - Bondage Guide For Beginners:This type of play allows some people to relax and enjoy being given pleasure without having to think about giving pleasure back at the same time.
- (countable) An instance of watching or listening to digital media.
- Synonyms: (of visual media) view, (of audio) listen
2014 December 3, Victor Luckerson, “These Were Spotify's Most-Streamed Songs This Year”, in Time[2]:The most-streamed artist of the year was British singer Ed Sheeran, who amassed 860 million plays with hits like “I See Fire.”
- (countable) A button that, when pressed, causes media to be played.
- (archaic, now usually in compounds) Activity relating to martial combat or fighting.
- handplay, swordplay
Translations
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playful activity
- Albanian: lojë (sq) f
- Arabic: لَعِب (ar) f (laʕib)
- Armenian: խաղ (hy) (xaġ)
- Azerbaijani: oyun (az)
- Bashkir: уйын (uyın)
- Belarusian: гу́льня f (húlʹnja), ігра́ f (ihrá)
- Bengali: খেলা (bn) (khela)
- Bulgarian: игра́ (bg) f (igrá), забавле́ние (bg) n (zabavlénie)
- Catalan: joc (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 玩 (zh) (wán), 玩兒/玩儿 (zh) (wánr)
- Czech: hra (cs) f
- Danish: leg (da) c, spil (da) n
- Dutch: spel (nl) n
- Esperanto: ludo
- Estonian: mäng
- Even: эвин (əwin)
- Evenki: эвин (əwin)
- Ewe: fefe
- Finnish: leikki (fi), peli (fi)
- French: jeu (fr) m
- Friulian: zogho
- Galician: xogo (gl) m
- Georgian: თამაში (tamaši)
- German: Spiel (de) n
- Greek:
- Ancient: παιγνία f (paignía)
- Hebrew: מִשְׂחָק (he) m (miskhák), שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ m (sha'ashúa)
- Hindi: खेल (hi) m (khel)
- Hungarian: játék (hu)
- Icelandic: leikur (is) m, spil (is) n
- Indonesian: permainan (id)
- Irish: imirt f, súgradh m
- Old Irish: spled
- Italian: gioco (it) m
- Japanese: 遊び (ja) (あそび, asobi)
- Javanese: dolanan (jv)
- Kazakh: ойын (oiyn)
- Khmer: ល្បែង (km) (lbaeng), ការលេង (kaaleing)
- Korean: 놀이 (ko) (nori)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: یاری (ckb) (yarî), وازی (wazî)
- Northern Kurdish: yarî (ku) f, lîstik (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: ойноо (ky) (oynoo)
- Latgalian: kaita f
- Latin: lūdus (la) m
- Latvian: spēle (lv) f, rotaļa f
- Lithuanian: žaidimas m
- Lombard: giögh, giœugh m
- Macedonian: игра f (igra)
- Malayalam: കളി (ml) (kaḷi)
- Mongolian: тоглоом (mn) (togloom)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: spill (no) n
- Nynorsk: spel n
- Occitan: joc (oc) m
- Ottoman Turkish: اویون (oyun)
- Persian: بازی (fa) (bâzi)
- Plautdietsch: Spell m
- Polish: zabawa (pl) f
- Portuguese: jogo (pt) m, brincadeira (pt) f
- Romanian: joc (ro) n
- Russian: игра́ (ru) f (igrá)
- Sanskrit: लीला (sa) f (līlā)
- Scottish Gaelic: cleasachd f
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ѝгра f
- Roman: ìgra (sh) f
- Slovak: hra (sk) f
- Slovene: igra (sl) f
- Somali: ciyaar
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: graśe n
- Spanish: juego (es) m
- Swahili: mchezo (sw)
- Swedish: spel (sv) n, lek (sv) c
- Tagalog: laro
- Tajik: бозӣ (tg) (bozī)
- Thai: การเล่น (th) (gaan-lên)
- Tibetan: རྩེད་མོ (rtsed mo)
- Tocharian B: kāñme
- Turkish: oyun (tr)
- Turkmen: oýun
- Ukrainian: гра (uk) f (hra)
- Urdu: کھیل m (khel)
- Uyghur: ئويۇن (oyun)
- Uzbek: oʻyin (uz)
- Vietnamese: chơi (vi), trò chơi (vi)
- Welsh: gêm (cy) f
- Yiddish: שפּיל f or n (shpil)
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a short sequence of action within a game
literary composition intended to be represented
area of free movement for a part of a mechanism
— see backlash
action carried out when it is one's turn to play
Derived terms
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See also
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Further reading
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Anagrams
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