Tone H
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukucela
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukucela
|
ukungaceli
|
---|
|
Imperative
|
---|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
---|
Singular
|
cela
|
-cele
|
---|
Plural
|
celani
|
-celeni
|
---|
|
Present
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyacela, ngicela
|
engicelayo, engicela
|
ngicela
|
angiceli
|
engingaceli
|
ngingaceli
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyacela, ucela
|
ocelayo, ocela
|
ucela
|
awuceli
|
ongaceli
|
ungaceli
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyacela, sicela
|
esicelayo, esicela
|
sicela
|
asiceli
|
esingaceli
|
singaceli
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyacela, nicela
|
enicelayo, enicela
|
nicela
|
aniceli
|
eningaceli
|
ningaceli
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyacela, ucela
|
ocelayo, ocela
|
ecela
|
akaceli
|
ongaceli
|
engaceli
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayacela, bacela
|
abacelayo, abacela
|
becela
|
abaceli
|
abangaceli
|
bengaceli
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyacela, ucela
|
ocelayo, ocela
|
ucela
|
awuceli
|
ongaceli
|
ungaceli
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyacela, icela
|
ecelayo, ecela
|
icela
|
ayiceli
|
engaceli
|
ingaceli
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyacela, licela
|
elicelayo, elicela
|
licela
|
aliceli
|
elingaceli
|
lingaceli
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayacela, acela
|
acelayo, acela
|
ecela
|
awaceli
|
angaceli
|
engaceli
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyacela, sicela
|
esicelayo, esicela
|
sicela
|
asiceli
|
esingaceli
|
singaceli
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyacela, zicela
|
ezicelayo, ezicela
|
zicela
|
aziceli
|
ezingaceli
|
zingaceli
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyacela, icela
|
ecelayo, ecela
|
icela
|
ayiceli
|
engaceli
|
ingaceli
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyacela, zicela
|
ezicelayo, ezicela
|
zicela
|
aziceli
|
ezingaceli
|
zingaceli
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyacela, lucela
|
olucelayo, olucela
|
lucela
|
aluceli
|
olungaceli
|
lungaceli
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyacela, bucela
|
obucelayo, obucela
|
bucela
|
abuceli
|
obungaceli
|
bungaceli
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyacela, kucela
|
okucelayo, okucela
|
kucela
|
akuceli
|
okungaceli
|
kungaceli
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyacela, kucela
|
okucelayo, okucela
|
kucela
|
akuceli
|
okungaceli
|
kungaceli
|
---|
|
Recent past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngicelile, ngicelē
|
engicelile, engicelē
|
ngicelile, ngicelē
|
angicelanga
|
engingacelanga
|
ngingacelanga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ucelile, ucelē
|
ocelile, ocelē
|
ucelile, ucelē
|
awucelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
ungacelanga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sicelile, sicelē
|
esicelile, esicelē
|
sicelile, sicelē
|
asicelanga
|
esingacelanga
|
singacelanga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nicelile, nicelē
|
enicelile, enicelē
|
nicelile, nicelē
|
anicelanga
|
eningacelanga
|
ningacelanga
|
---|
Class 1
|
ucelile, ucelē
|
ocelile, ocelē
|
ecelile, ecelē
|
akacelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
engacelanga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bacelile, bacelē
|
abacelile, abacelē
|
becelile, becelē
|
abacelanga
|
abangacelanga
|
bengacelanga
|
---|
Class 3
|
ucelile, ucelē
|
ocelile, ocelē
|
ucelile, ucelē
|
awucelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
ungacelanga
|
---|
Class 4
|
icelile, icelē
|
ecelile, ecelē
|
icelile, icelē
|
ayicelanga
|
engacelanga
|
ingacelanga
|
---|
Class 5
|
licelile, licelē
|
elicelile, elicelē
|
licelile, licelē
|
alicelanga
|
elingacelanga
|
lingacelanga
|
---|
Class 6
|
acelile, acelē
|
acelile, acelē
|
ecelile, ecelē
|
awacelanga
|
angacelanga
|
engacelanga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sicelile, sicelē
|
esicelile, esicelē
|
sicelile, sicelē
|
asicelanga
|
esingacelanga
|
singacelanga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zicelile, zicelē
|
ezicelile, ezicelē
|
zicelile, zicelē
|
azicelanga
|
ezingacelanga
|
zingacelanga
|
---|
Class 9
|
icelile, icelē
|
ecelile, ecelē
|
icelile, icelē
|
ayicelanga
|
engacelanga
|
ingacelanga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zicelile, zicelē
|
ezicelile, ezicelē
|
zicelile, zicelē
|
azicelanga
|
ezingacelanga
|
zingacelanga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lucelile, lucelē
|
olucelile, olucelē
|
lucelile, lucelē
|
alucelanga
|
olungacelanga
|
lungacelanga
|
---|
Class 14
|
bucelile, bucelē
|
obucelile, obucelē
|
bucelile, bucelē
|
abucelanga
|
obungacelanga
|
bungacelanga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kucelile, kucelē
|
okucelile, okucelē
|
kucelile, kucelē
|
akucelanga
|
okungacelanga
|
kungacelanga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kucelile, kucelē
|
okucelile, okucelē
|
kucelile, kucelē
|
akucelanga
|
okungacelanga
|
kungacelanga
|
---|
|
Remote past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngācela
|
engācela
|
ngācela
|
angicelanga
|
engingacelanga
|
ngingacelanga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wācela
|
owācela
|
wācela
|
awucelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
ungacelanga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sācela
|
esācela
|
sācela
|
asicelanga
|
esingacelanga
|
singacelanga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nācela
|
enācela
|
nācela
|
anicelanga
|
eningacelanga
|
ningacelanga
|
---|
Class 1
|
wācela
|
owācela
|
ācela
|
akacelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
engacelanga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bācela
|
abācela
|
bācela
|
abacelanga
|
abangacelanga
|
bengacelanga
|
---|
Class 3
|
wācela
|
owācela
|
wācela
|
awucelanga
|
ongacelanga
|
ungacelanga
|
---|
Class 4
|
yācela
|
eyācela
|
yācela
|
ayicelanga
|
engacelanga
|
ingacelanga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lācela
|
elācela
|
lācela
|
alicelanga
|
elingacelanga
|
lingacelanga
|
---|
Class 6
|
ācela
|
ācela
|
ācela
|
awacelanga
|
angacelanga
|
engacelanga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sācela
|
esācela
|
sācela
|
asicelanga
|
esingacelanga
|
singacelanga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zācela
|
ezācela
|
zācela
|
azicelanga
|
ezingacelanga
|
zingacelanga
|
---|
Class 9
|
yācela
|
eyācela
|
yācela
|
ayicelanga
|
engacelanga
|
ingacelanga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zācela
|
ezācela
|
zācela
|
azicelanga
|
ezingacelanga
|
zingacelanga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwācela
|
olwācela
|
lwācela
|
alucelanga
|
olungacelanga
|
lungacelanga
|
---|
Class 14
|
bācela
|
obācela
|
bācela
|
abucelanga
|
obungacelanga
|
bungacelanga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwācela
|
okwācela
|
kwācela
|
akucelanga
|
okungacelanga
|
kungacelanga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwācela
|
okwācela
|
kwācela
|
akucelanga
|
okungacelanga
|
kungacelanga
|
---|
|
Potential
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngingacela
|
—
|
ngingacela
|
ngingecele
|
—
|
ngingecele
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ungacela
|
—
|
ungacela
|
ungecele
|
—
|
ungecele
|
---|
1st plural
|
singacela
|
—
|
singacela
|
singecele
|
—
|
singecele
|
---|
2nd plural
|
ningacela
|
—
|
ningacela
|
ningecele
|
—
|
ningecele
|
---|
Class 1
|
angacela
|
—
|
engacela
|
angecele
|
—
|
engecele
|
---|
Class 2
|
bangacela
|
—
|
bengacela
|
bangecele
|
—
|
bengecele
|
---|
Class 3
|
ungacela
|
—
|
ungacela
|
ungecele
|
—
|
ungecele
|
---|
Class 4
|
ingacela
|
—
|
ingacela
|
ingecele
|
—
|
ingecele
|
---|
Class 5
|
lingacela
|
—
|
lingacela
|
lingecele
|
—
|
lingecele
|
---|
Class 6
|
angacela
|
—
|
engacela
|
angecele
|
—
|
engecele
|
---|
Class 7
|
singacela
|
—
|
singacela
|
singecele
|
—
|
singecele
|
---|
Class 8
|
zingacela
|
—
|
zingacela
|
zingecele
|
—
|
zingecele
|
---|
Class 9
|
ingacela
|
—
|
ingacela
|
ingecele
|
—
|
ingecele
|
---|
Class 10
|
zingacela
|
—
|
zingacela
|
zingecele
|
—
|
zingecele
|
---|
Class 11
|
lungacela
|
—
|
lungacela
|
lungecele
|
—
|
lungecele
|
---|
Class 14
|
bungacela
|
—
|
bungacela
|
bungecele
|
—
|
bungecele
|
---|
Class 15
|
kungacela
|
—
|
kungacela
|
kungecele
|
—
|
kungecele
|
---|
Class 17
|
kungacela
|
—
|
kungacela
|
kungecele
|
—
|
kungecele
|
---|
|
Immediate future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngizocela
|
engizocela
|
ngizocela
|
angizucela
|
engingezucela
|
ngingezucela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uzocela
|
ozocela
|
uzocela
|
awuzucela
|
ongezucela
|
ungezucela
|
---|
1st plural
|
sizocela
|
esizocela
|
sizocela
|
asizucela
|
esingezucela
|
singezucela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nizocela
|
enizocela
|
nizocela
|
anizucela
|
eningezucela
|
ningezucela
|
---|
Class 1
|
uzocela
|
ozocela
|
ezocela
|
akazucela
|
ongezucela
|
engezucela
|
---|
Class 2
|
bazocela
|
abazocela
|
bezocela
|
abazucela
|
abangezucela
|
bengezucela
|
---|
Class 3
|
uzocela
|
ozocela
|
uzocela
|
awuzucela
|
ongezucela
|
ungezucela
|
---|
Class 4
|
izocela
|
ezocela
|
izocela
|
ayizucela
|
engezucela
|
ingezucela
|
---|
Class 5
|
lizocela
|
elizocela
|
lizocela
|
alizucela
|
elingezucela
|
lingezucela
|
---|
Class 6
|
azocela
|
azocela
|
ezocela
|
awazucela
|
angezucela
|
engezucela
|
---|
Class 7
|
sizocela
|
esizocela
|
sizocela
|
asizucela
|
esingezucela
|
singezucela
|
---|
Class 8
|
zizocela
|
ezizocela
|
zizocela
|
azizucela
|
ezingezucela
|
zingezucela
|
---|
Class 9
|
izocela
|
ezocela
|
izocela
|
ayizucela
|
engezucela
|
ingezucela
|
---|
Class 10
|
zizocela
|
ezizocela
|
zizocela
|
azizucela
|
ezingezucela
|
zingezucela
|
---|
Class 11
|
luzocela
|
oluzocela
|
luzocela
|
aluzucela
|
olungezucela
|
lungezucela
|
---|
Class 14
|
buzocela
|
obuzocela
|
buzocela
|
abuzucela
|
obungezucela
|
bungezucela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuzocela
|
okuzocela
|
kuzocela
|
akuzucela
|
okungezucela
|
kungezucela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuzocela
|
okuzocela
|
kuzocela
|
akuzucela
|
okungezucela
|
kungezucela
|
---|
|
Remote future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyocela
|
engiyocela
|
ngiyocela
|
angiyucela
|
engingeyucela
|
ngingeyucela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyocela
|
oyocela
|
uyocela
|
awuyucela
|
ongeyucela
|
ungeyucela
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyocela
|
esiyocela
|
siyocela
|
asiyucela
|
esingeyucela
|
singeyucela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyocela
|
eniyocela
|
niyocela
|
aniyucela
|
eningeyucela
|
ningeyucela
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyocela
|
oyocela
|
eyocela
|
akayucela
|
ongeyucela
|
engeyucela
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayocela
|
abayocela
|
beyocela
|
abayucela
|
abangeyucela
|
bengeyucela
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyocela
|
oyocela
|
uyocela
|
awuyucela
|
ongeyucela
|
ungeyucela
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyocela
|
eyocela
|
iyocela
|
ayiyucela
|
engeyucela
|
ingeyucela
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyocela
|
eliyocela
|
liyocela
|
aliyucela
|
elingeyucela
|
lingeyucela
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayocela
|
ayocela
|
eyocela
|
awayucela
|
angeyucela
|
engeyucela
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyocela
|
esiyocela
|
siyocela
|
asiyucela
|
esingeyucela
|
singeyucela
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyocela
|
eziyocela
|
ziyocela
|
aziyucela
|
ezingeyucela
|
zingeyucela
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyocela
|
eyocela
|
iyocela
|
ayiyucela
|
engeyucela
|
ingeyucela
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyocela
|
eziyocela
|
ziyocela
|
aziyucela
|
ezingeyucela
|
zingeyucela
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyocela
|
oluyocela
|
luyocela
|
aluyucela
|
olungeyucela
|
lungeyucela
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyocela
|
obuyocela
|
buyocela
|
abuyucela
|
obungeyucela
|
bungeyucela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyocela
|
okuyocela
|
kuyocela
|
akuyucela
|
okungeyucela
|
kungeyucela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyocela
|
okuyocela
|
kuyocela
|
akuyucela
|
okungeyucela
|
kungeyucela
|
---|
|
Present subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngicele
|
ngingaceli
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ucele
|
ungaceli
|
---|
1st plural
|
sicele
|
singaceli
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nicele
|
ningaceli
|
---|
Class 1
|
acele
|
angaceli
|
---|
Class 2
|
bacele
|
bangaceli
|
---|
Class 3
|
ucele
|
ungaceli
|
---|
Class 4
|
icele
|
ingaceli
|
---|
Class 5
|
licele
|
lingaceli
|
---|
Class 6
|
acele
|
angaceli
|
---|
Class 7
|
sicele
|
singaceli
|
---|
Class 8
|
zicele
|
zingaceli
|
---|
Class 9
|
icele
|
ingaceli
|
---|
Class 10
|
zicele
|
zingaceli
|
---|
Class 11
|
lucele
|
lungaceli
|
---|
Class 14
|
bucele
|
bungaceli
|
---|
Class 15
|
kucele
|
kungaceli
|
---|
Class 17
|
kucele
|
kungaceli
|
---|
|
Past subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngacela
|
ngangacela, angacela, angangacela
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wacela
|
wangacela, awacela, awangacela
|
---|
1st plural
|
sacela
|
sangacela, asacela, asangacela
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nacela
|
nangacela, anacela, anangacela
|
---|
Class 1
|
wacela
|
wangacela, akacela, akangacela
|
---|
Class 2
|
bacela
|
bangacela, abacela, abangacela
|
---|
Class 3
|
wacela
|
wangacela, awacela, awangacela
|
---|
Class 4
|
yacela
|
yangacela, ayacela, ayangacela
|
---|
Class 5
|
lacela
|
langacela, alacela, alangacela
|
---|
Class 6
|
acela
|
angacela, awacela, awangacela
|
---|
Class 7
|
sacela
|
sangacela, asacela, asangacela
|
---|
Class 8
|
zacela
|
zangacela, azacela, azangacela
|
---|
Class 9
|
yacela
|
yangacela, ayacela, ayangacela
|
---|
Class 10
|
zacela
|
zangacela, azacela, azangacela
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwacela
|
lwangacela, alwacela, alwangacela
|
---|
Class 14
|
bacela
|
bangacela, abacela, abangacela
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwacela
|
kwangacela, akwacela, akwangacela
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwacela
|
kwangacela, akwacela, akwangacela
|
---|