cel

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cel"

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

cel

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Celtic languages.

English edit

Noun edit

cel (plural cels)

A piece of celluloid on which has been drawn a frame of an animated film.
- 2008 June 22, Michael Hirschorn, “Success Story 2”, in New York Times‎^[3]:
  After Jobs’s $5 million offer was rejected, the team attempted to do a deal with Disney, then a bastion of hand-painted cel animation.

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Clipping of celibate.

Noun edit

cel (plural cels)

clipping of celibate.

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

terms derived using cel as suffix

Anagrams edit

CLE, ECL, LCE, LEC

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin caelum, from Proto-Italic *kailom, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i-. Compare Occitan cèl.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈsɛl]
Audio (file)

Noun edit

cel m (plural cels)

sky
heaven

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

celeste

Crimean Tatar edit

Noun edit

cel

(Northern dialect) gale, wind

Usage notes edit

Literary form: yel

Declension edit

Declension of cel

nominative	cel
genitive	celniñ
dative	celge
accusative	celni
locative	celde
ablative	celden

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sɛl]

Noun edit

cel f

genitive plural of cela

Noun edit

cel n

genitive plural of clo

Verb edit

cel

second-person singular imperative of celit

Dutch edit

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

cel

Wikipedia ^nl

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /sɛl/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: cel
Rhymes: -ɛl

Noun edit

cel f (plural cellen, diminutive celletje n)

cell (a compartment)
1. component of a battery
2. (biology) component of a body tissue
3. (architecture) a small room, such as a prison or cloister cell
4. (entomology) cell – of a honeycomb
5. (computer science) cell – of a table

Synonyms edit

(prison cell): gevangeniscel
(cloister cell): kloostercel

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Afrikaans: sel
→ Indonesian: sel
→ Papiamentu: sèl

Latvian edit

Verb edit

cel

inflection of celt:
1. second-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Old French edit

Alternative forms edit

cil, chil, chel

Etymology edit

From an earlier cil, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille, a compound of Latin ecce and ille. Largely replaced cist used in earlier Old French.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (unstressed) /t͡səl/
IPA^(key): (stressed) /ˈt͡sɛl/

Adjective edit

cel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular cele)

this (the one in question)

Declension edit

Declension of cel

Number	Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Subject	cels	cele	cel
Singular	Oblique	cel	cele		cele	cel
Plural	Subject	cel	celes		cel
Plural	Oblique	cels	celes		celes	cel

Synonyms edit

cist (chiefly 12^th and 13^th centuries)

Descendants edit

Middle French: cel
- French: ce
- Lorrain: ceil

Old Occitan edit

Etymology edit

From Latin caelum.

Noun edit

cel m

Heaven

Descendants edit

Occitan: cèl, ciau, ciel, cèu

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Old Czech cíl.^[1]^[2] First attested in the fifteenth century.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /t͡sɛːlʲ/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /t͡selʲ/

Noun edit

cel m animacy unattested

target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[4], 20, 20:
  A ia trsy strzali wipusczø podle gego y wistrzelyø, iako bich zwikal strzelyacz ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)
  [A ja trzy strzały wypuszczę podle jego i wystrzelę, jako bych zwykał strzelać ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)]

Derived terms edit

verbs

cylować impf

Descendants edit

Masurian: cél
Polish: cel, cyl, czel
- → Esperanto: celo
- → Kashubian: cél
- → Slovincian: cél
- → Russian: цель (celʹ)
- → Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)
Silesian: cyl

References edit

^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “cel”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “cel”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “cel”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “cel”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /t͡sɛl/
(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sel/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛl
Syllabification: cel

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel.

Noun edit

cel m inan

goal, aim, objective, target (that which one attempts to achieve)
target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)
target, aim (person or object that is the focus of one's actions)
goal, aim, objective; destination (place where one would like to go)
(archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle)
Synonym: muszka
(Middle Polish) end point, borderline
(Middle Polish) deadline
Synonym: termin
(Middle Polish) racetrack; stadium
(Middle Polish) measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
(Middle Polish) respect
Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek
(Middle Polish) abyss
Synonym: przepaść

Declension edit

Declension of cel

	singular	plural
nominative	cel	cele
genitive	celu	celi/celów
dative	celowi	celom
accusative	cel	cele
instrumental	celem	celami
locative	celu	celach
vocative	celu	cele

Alternative forms edit

cyl, czel (Middle Polish)

Derived terms edit

adjective

celowy

interjection

cel! pal!

noun

celownik

verbs

celować impf, wycelować pf

verbs

minąć się z celem pf, mijać się z celem impf
wziąć na cel pf, brać na cel impf

Related terms edit

adjectives

adverbs

nouns

Descendants edit

→ Esperanto: celo
→ Kashubian: cél
→ Slovincian: cél
→ Russian: цель (celʹ)
→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)

Trivia edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), cel is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 79 times in scientific texts, 69 times in news, 85 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 18 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 266 times, making it the 190th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References edit

^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “cel”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 42

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun edit

cel f

genitive plural of cela

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Clipping of celular.

Pronunciation edit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛw/ [ˈsɛʊ̯]

Noun edit

cel m (plural cels)

(Brazil, Internet slang) mobile phone
Synonym: celular

Romanian edit

Alternative forms edit

чел (cel) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Etymology edit

From acel.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [tʃel]

Determiner edit

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

(popular) that
Synonyms: acel, acela, ăl, ăla

Declension edit

Declension of cel (determiner declension, indefinite only)

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	cel		cea	cei	cele
nominative/ accusative	definite	—		—	—	—
genitive/ dative	indefinite	celui		celei	celor	celor
genitive/ dative	definite	—		—	—	—

Article edit

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

the

Declension edit

Declension of cel (determiner declension, indefinite only)

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	cel		cea	cei	cele
nominative/ accusative	definite	—		—	—	—
genitive/ dative	indefinite	celui		celei	celor	celor
genitive/ dative	definite	—		—	—	—

Pronoun edit

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

the one (that is)
Cel bogat face cum vrea, cel sărac face cum poate.
The rich one does as he pleases, the poor one does as he can.

Declension edit

Declension of cel (determiner declension, indefinite only)

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	cel		cea	cei	cele
nominative/ accusative	definite	—		—	—	—
genitive/ dative	indefinite	celui		celei	celor	celor
genitive/ dative	definite	—		—	—	—

Derived terms edit

celălalt

Slovene edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /t͡séːʋ/

Adjective edit

cẹ̑ł (not comparable)

whole

Inflection edit

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	cél	céla	célo
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	cél ^ind céli ^def	céla	célo
genitive	célega	céle	célega
dative	célemu	céli	célemu
accusative	nominative^inan or genitive^anim	célo	célo
locative	célem	céli	célem
instrumental	célim	célo	célim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	céla	céli	céli
genitive	célih	célih	célih
dative	célima	célima	célima
accusative	céla	céli	céli
locative	célih	célih	célih
instrumental	célima	célima	célima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	céli	céle	céla
genitive	célih	célih	célih
dative	célim	célim	célim
accusative	céle	céle	céla
locative	célih	célih	célih
instrumental	célimi	célimi	célimi

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish edit

Etymology edit

Clipping of celular.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθel/ [ˈθel]
IPA^(key): (Latin America) /ˈsel/ [ˈsel]
Rhymes: -el
Syllabification: cel

Noun edit

cel m (plural celes)

(Latin America, US) cell phone, mobile phone
Synonym: celular
- 2024, “LFO (Lupe Finds Oliveros)”, in Phasor, performed by Helado Negro:
  Dedo congelado en mi cel / Foto selfie otra vez / Y ya se fue el sol
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Volapük edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [tʃel]

Noun edit

cel (nominative plural cels)

cherry

Declension edit

declension of cel

	singular	plural
nominative	cel	cels
genitive	cela	celas
dative	cele	celes
accusative	celi	celis
vocative ¹	o cel!	o cels!
predicative ²	celu	celus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

[1] Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “cel”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN

[2] Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “cel”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

[3] Ida Kurcz (1990) “cel”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 42

[1]

[2]

[1]

cel

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

English edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Anagrams edit

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Crimean Tatar edit

Noun edit

Usage notes edit

Declension edit

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Noun edit

Verb edit

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Latvian edit

Verb edit

Old French edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Declension edit

Synonyms edit

Descendants edit

Old Occitan edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Descendants edit

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Alternative forms edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Trivia edit

References edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Further reading edit

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Romanian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit