gritar

Galician

Etymology

From Medieval Latin crīdō (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”) (compare Portuguese and Spanish gritar, Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin quirītō (“to shriek, wail”) (per Diez), or from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (per Littré), compare Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡɾiˈtaɾ]

Verb

gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite gritei, past participle gritado)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to shout, to scream

   Synonym: berrar

Conjugation

Conjugation of gritar

	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
Infinitive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal	gritar
personal	gritar	gritares	gritar	gritarmos	gritardes	gritaren
Gerund
	gritando
Past participle	singular			plural
masculine	gritado			gritados
feminine	gritada			gritadas
Indicative	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	grito	gritas	grita	gritamos	gritades	gritan
imperfect	gritaba	gritabas	gritaba	gritabamos	gritabades	gritaban
preterite	gritei	gritaches	gritou	gritamos	gritastes	gritaron
pluperfect	gritara	gritaras	gritara	gritaramos	gritarades	gritaran
future	gritarei	gritarás	gritará	gritaremos	gritaredes	gritarán
conditional	gritaría	gritarías	gritaría	gritariamos	gritariades	gritarían
Subjunctive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	grite	grites	grite	gritemos	gritedes	griten
preterite	gritase	gritases	gritase	gritásemos	gritásedes	gritasen
future	gritar	gritares	gritar	gritarmos	gritardes	gritaren
Imperative	–	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative	–	grita	grite	gritemos	gritade	griten
negative	–	grites	grite	gritemos	gritedes	griten

Related terms

• crida
• grito

References

• “grito” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “grit” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “gritar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “gritar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “gritar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ladino

Verb

gritar (Latin spelling)

1. to shout

Related terms

• grito

Portuguese

Etymology

From Medieval Latin crīdāre (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”) (compare Galician gritar, Spanish gritar, Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin quirītō (“to shriek, wail”) (per Diez), or from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (per Littré), compare Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡɾiˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡɾiˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ʁ)/ [ɡɾiˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈta(ɻ)/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈtaɾ/

• Hyphenation: gri‧tar

Verb

gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite gritei, past participle gritado)

1. (intransitive) to shout, to scream

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gritar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gritar
Personal	gritar	gritares	gritar	gritarmos	gritardes	gritarem
Gerund
	gritando
Past participle
Masculine	gritado			gritados
Feminine	gritada			gritadas
Indicative
Present	grito	gritas	grita	gritamos	gritais	gritam
Imperfect	gritava	gritavas	gritava	gritávamos	gritáveis	gritavam
Preterite	gritei	gritaste	gritou	gritamos1, gritámos2	gritastes	gritaram
Pluperfect	gritara	gritaras	gritara	gritáramos	gritáreis	gritaram
Future	gritarei	gritarás	gritará	gritaremos	gritareis	gritarão
Conditional
	gritaria	gritarias	gritaria	gritaríamos	gritaríeis	gritariam
Subjunctive
Present	grite	grites	grite	gritemos	griteis	gritem
Imperfect	gritasse	gritasses	gritasse	gritássemos	gritásseis	gritassem
Future	gritar	gritares	gritar	gritarmos	gritardes	gritarem
Imperative
Affirmative		grita	grite	gritemos	gritai	gritem
Negative (não)		não grites	não grite	não gritemos	não griteis	não gritem

¹Brazil.
²Portugal.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:gritar.

Related terms

• gritaria
• grito

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish cridar, gridar, from Medieval Latin crīdō (“to cry out, publish, proclaim”), from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”) (--Littré), related to Middle Dutch crītan (“to cry”).

An alternative (less likely) origin is Latin quirītō (“to shriek, hiss”).

Cognate with Catalan cridar, French crier, Italian gridare, and Portuguese gritar. Compare English cry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾiˈtaɾ/ [ɡɾiˈt̪aɾ]

• Audio (Colombia)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gri‧tar

Verb

gritar (first-person singular present grito, first-person singular preterite grité, past participle gritado)

1. to shout, to scream, to cry out, to call out
2. to jeer at

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gritar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gritar
gerund			gritando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gritado		gritada
		plural		gritados		gritadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	grito	gritastú gritásvos	grita	gritamos	gritáis	gritan
	imperfect	gritaba	gritabas	gritaba	gritábamos	gritabais	gritaban
	preterite	grité	gritaste	gritó	gritamos	gritasteis	gritaron
	future	gritaré	gritarás	gritará	gritaremos	gritaréis	gritarán
	conditional	gritaría	gritarías	gritaría	gritaríamos	gritaríais	gritarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	grite	gritestú gritésvos2	grite	gritemos	gritéis	griten
	imperfect (ra)	gritara	gritaras	gritara	gritáramos	gritarais	gritaran
	imperfect (se)	gritase	gritases	gritase	gritásemos	gritaseis	gritasen
	future1	gritare	gritares	gritare	gritáremos	gritareis	gritaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gritatú gritávos	grite	gritemos	gritad	griten
	negative		no grites	no grite	no gritemos	no gritéis	no griten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gritar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gritar
	dative	gritarme	gritarte	gritarle, gritarse	gritarnos	gritaros	gritarles, gritarse
	accusative	gritarme	gritarte	gritarlo, gritarla, gritarse	gritarnos	gritaros	gritarlos, gritarlas, gritarse
with gerund gritando
	dative	gritándome	gritándote	gritándole, gritándose	gritándonos	gritándoos	gritándoles, gritándose
	accusative	gritándome	gritándote	gritándolo, gritándola, gritándose	gritándonos	gritándoos	gritándolos, gritándolas, gritándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative grita
	dative	grítame	grítate	grítale	grítanos	not used	grítales
	accusative	grítame	grítate	grítalo, grítala	grítanos	not used	grítalos, grítalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gritá
	dative	gritame	gritate	gritale	gritanos	not used	gritales
	accusative	gritame	gritate	gritalo, gritala	gritanos	not used	gritalos, gritalas
with formal second-person singular imperative grite
	dative	gríteme	not used	grítele, grítese	grítenos	not used	gríteles
	accusative	gríteme	not used	grítelo, grítela, grítese	grítenos	not used	grítelos, grítelas
with first-person plural imperative gritemos
	dative	not used	gritémoste	gritémosle	gritémonos	gritémoos	gritémosles
	accusative	not used	gritémoste	gritémoslo, gritémosla	gritémonos	gritémoos	gritémoslos, gritémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gritad
	dative	gritadme	not used	gritadle	gritadnos	gritaos	gritadles
	accusative	gritadme	not used	gritadlo, gritadla	gritadnos	gritaos	gritadlos, gritadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative griten
	dative	grítenme	not used	grítenle	grítennos	not used	grítenles, grítense
	accusative	grítenme	not used	grítenlo, grítenla	grítennos	not used	grítenlos, grítenlas, grítense

Related terms

• gritador
• gritería
• griterío
• grito
• gritón

Further reading

• “gritar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014