keras
Estonian edit
Noun edit
keras
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay keras, from Classical Malay keras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kêras
- hard,
- (of material) Resistant to pressure.
- Roti itu terlalu keras untuk dipotong.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Synonym: kuat
- (figurative) Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
- (figurative) Severe, harsh.
- kata-kata keras ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Antonym: lembut
- (of drugs, figurative) Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong.
- Obat keras. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (of a man, figurative) Having an erect penis; erect.
- (of material) Resistant to pressure.
- strong
- (of wind, figurative) Having a lot of power.
- (of disease or symptom, figurative) Very bad or intense; severe.
- (figurative) Having an offensive or intense odor.
- (material state) rigid; firm; stiff.
- Ototnya sangat keras dan alot. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Antonym: lembut
- (of foods, figurative) Difficult to cut or chew; tough.
- (figurative) Likely to use physical force; violent.
- (of a sound, figurative) Of great intensity; loud.
- (of water current, figurative) Moving with great speed; fast.
- Synonym: deras
- (of rainfall, figurative) very heavy
- (of opinion, figurative) fixed
- (of price, figurative) With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly.
- (of cigarettes, figurative) Likely cause dizziness
- strong, strict and seriously
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “keras” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Lithuanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”) and Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4
Declension edit
Declension of kẽras
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | kẽras | keraĩ |
genitive (kilmininkas) | kẽro | kerų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | kẽrui | keráms |
accusative (galininkas) | kẽrą | kerùs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | kerù | keraĩs |
locative (vietininkas) | kerè | keruosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | kẽre | keraĩ |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).
Noun edit
kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4
Declension edit
Declension of kẽras
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | kẽras | keraĩ |
genitive (kilmininkas) | kẽro | kerų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | kẽrui | keráms |
accusative (galininkas) | kẽrą | kerùs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | kerù | keraĩs |
locative (vietininkas) | kerè | keruosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | kẽre | keraĩ |
References edit
- “keras”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 78f; 237
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “keras” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.