requiem

See also: Requiem, réquiem, and rèquiem

English

WOTD – 29 August 2009

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹɛ.kwi.əm/, /ˈɹɛ.kwi.ɛm/
• Hyphenation: re‧qui‧em

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Middle English requiem, from Latin requiem, the first word of the introit for the traditional requiem mass, an alternative accusative case of Latin requiēs (“rest, repose”), from re- (“again”) + quiēs (“rest, quiet”).

Noun

requiem (plural requiems)

1. A mass (especially Catholic) to honor and remember a dead person.
2. A musical composition for such a mass.
3. A piece of music composed to honor a dead person.
4. (obsolete) Rest; peace.

Coordinate terms

• dirge, elegy, threnody – funeral songs

Derived terms

• requiem mass

Related terms

• requiescat
• See related terms of quiet

Translations

mass to honor and remember a dead person

• Armenian: հոգեհանգիստ (hy) (hogehangist), պանիխիդա (hy) (panixida) (colloquial)
• Belarusian: паніхі́да f (panixída), рэ́квіем m (rékvijem)
• Bulgarian: панихи́да f (panihída), по́мен (bg) m (pómen)
• Catalan: rèquiem m
• Czech: rekviem n
• Danish: rekviem (da) n
• Dutch: requiem (nl), dodenmis (nl)
• Faroese: sálarmessa f
• Finnish: sielumessu, requiem (fi)
• French: requiem (fr) m
• Georgian: პანაშვიდი (ka) (ṗanašvidi)
• German: Requiem (de) n, Totenmesse (de) f, Seelenmesse f
• Greek: μνημόσυνο (el) n (mnimósyno)
• Hungarian: rekviem (hu), gyászmise (hu)
• Icelandic: sálumessa f
• Ido: requiem (io)
• Indonesian: rekuiem (id)
• Italian: requiem (it), messa funebre f, onoranze funebri f or f pl
• Japanese: 死者のためのミサ (shishano tame no misa), 引導 (ja) (いんどう, indō)
• Latin: missa pro defunctis f
• Macedonian: ре́квием m (rékviem)
• Middle English: requiem
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rekviem n

  Nynorsk: rekviem n

• Occitan: requiem m
• Persian:

  Dari: فاتحه (fātiha)

• Polish: msza za zmarłych f, rekwiem n, requiem (pl) n, panichida (pl) f (Orthodox)
• Portuguese: réquiem (pt) m
• Romanian: parastas (ro) n, recviem (ro) n
• Russian: панихи́да (ru) f (panixída), ре́квием (ru) m (rɛ́kvijem)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: опе́ло n, опије́ло n

  Roman: opélo (sh) n, opijélo (sh) n

• Spanish: réquiem (es) m
• Swedish: rekviem (sv) n
• Ukrainian: панихи́да f (panyxýda), ре́квієм m (rékvijem)

musical composition composed for such a mass

• Belarusian: рэ́квіем m (rékvijem)
• Bulgarian: ре́квием m (rékviem)
• Catalan: rèquiem m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 安魂曲 (zh) (ānhúnqǔ)

• Czech: rekviem n
• Danish: rekviem (da) n
• Dutch: requiem (nl), dodenmis (nl)
• Finnish: sielumessu, requiem (fi)
• French: requiem (fr) m
• German: Requiem (de) n, Totenmesse (de) f
• Hungarian: rekviem (hu)
• Icelandic: sálumessa f
• Ido: requiem (io)
• Japanese: 鎮魂歌 (ちんこ​んか, chinkonka)
• Korean: 진혼가(鎭魂歌) (jinhon'ga)
• Ladino: endecha
• Macedonian: ре́квием m (rékviem)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rekviem n

  Nynorsk: rekviem n

• Polish: rekwiem n, requiem (pl) n
• Portuguese: réquiem (pt) m
• Russian: ре́квием (ru) m (rɛ́kvijem)
• Spanish: réquiem (es) m
• Swedish: rekviem (sv) n
• Turkish: ağıt (tr)
• Ukrainian: ре́квієм m (rékvijem)
• Zazaki: hewal

piece of music composed to honor a dead person

• Bulgarian: ре́квием m (rékviem)
• Danish: rekviem (da) n
• Finnish: sielumessu, requiem (fi)
• French: requiem (fr) m
• Hungarian: rekviem (hu)
• Ido: requiem (io)
• Japanese: 鎮魂歌 (ちんこ​んか, chinkonka)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rekviem n

  Nynorsk: rekviem n

• Russian: ре́квием (ru) m (rɛ́kvijem)
• Swedish: rekviem (sv) n

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} réquiem (es)

Etymology 2

From French requin, altered by association with Etymology 1, above.

Noun

requiem (plural requiems)

1. A large or dangerous shark, specifically, (zoology) a member of the family Carcharhinidae.
   • 1973, Patrick Buchanan, A Requiem of Sharks:

     Any man-eater is called a requiem.

Derived terms

• requiem shark

Translations

shark of the family Carcharhinidae — see requiem shark

Basque

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin requiem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rekjem/ [re.kjẽm], /rekiem/ [re.ki.ẽm]
• Rhymes: -ekjem, -iem

Noun

requiem inan

1. requiem (mass)
2. requiem (musical composition)

Declension

Declension of requiem (inanimate, ending in consonant)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	requiem	requiema	requiemak
ergative	requiemek	requiemak	requiemek
dative	requiemi	requiemari	requiemei
genitive	requiemen	requiemaren	requiemen
comitative	requiemekin	requiemarekin	requiemekin
causative	requiemengatik	requiemarengatik	requiemengatik
benefactive	requiementzat	requiemarentzat	requiementzat
instrumental	requiemez	requiemaz	requiemez
inessive	requiemetan	requiemean	requiemetan
locative	requiemetako	requiemeko	requiemetako
allative	requiemetara	requiemera	requiemetara
terminative	requiemetaraino	requiemeraino	requiemetaraino
directive	requiemetarantz	requiemerantz	requiemetarantz
destinative	requiemetarako	requiemerako	requiemetarako
ablative	requiemetatik	requiemetik	requiemetatik
partitive	requiemik	—	—
prolative	requiemtzat	—	—

Further reading

• “requiem”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛkvɪjɛm]

Noun

requiem n (indeclinable)

1. Alternative form of rekviem

Finnish

Etymology

< Latin requiem

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrekʋiem/, [ˈre̞kʋie̞m]

Noun

requiem

1. requiem (mass or composition)

Declension

Inflection of requiem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		requiem	requiemit
genitive		requiemin	requiemien
partitive		requiemiä	requiemejä
illative		requiemiin	requiemeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		requiem	requiemit
accusative	nom.	requiem	requiemit
	gen.	requiemin
genitive		requiemin	requiemien
partitive		requiemiä	requiemejä
inessive		requiemissä	requiemeissä
elative		requiemistä	requiemeistä
illative		requiemiin	requiemeihin
adessive		requiemillä	requiemeillä
ablative		requiemiltä	requiemeiltä
allative		requiemille	requiemeille
essive		requieminä	requiemeinä
translative		requiemiksi	requiemeiksi
abessive		requiemittä	requiemeittä
instructive		—	requiemein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of requiem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative requiemini requiemini accusative nom. requiemini requiemini gen. requiemini genitive requiemini requiemieni partitive requiemiäni requiemejäni inessive requiemissäni requiemeissäni elative requiemistäni requiemeistäni illative requiemiini requiemeihini adessive requiemilläni requiemeilläni ablative requiemiltäni requiemeiltäni allative requiemilleni requiemeilleni essive requieminäni requiemeinäni translative requiemikseni requiemeikseni abessive requiemittäni requiemeittäni instructive — — comitative — requiemeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative requiemisi requiemisi accusative nom. requiemisi requiemisi gen. requiemisi genitive requiemisi requiemiesi partitive requiemiäsi requiemejäsi inessive requiemissäsi requiemeissäsi elative requiemistäsi requiemeistäsi illative requiemiisi requiemeihisi adessive requiemilläsi requiemeilläsi ablative requiemiltäsi requiemeiltäsi allative requiemillesi requiemeillesi essive requieminäsi requiemeinäsi translative requiemiksesi requiemeiksesi abessive requiemittäsi requiemeittäsi instructive — — comitative — requiemeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative requiemimme requiemimme accusative nom. requiemimme requiemimme gen. requiemimme genitive requiemimme requiemiemme partitive requiemiämme requiemejämme inessive requiemissämme requiemeissämme elative requiemistämme requiemeistämme illative requiemiimme requiemeihimme adessive requiemillämme requiemeillämme ablative requiemiltämme requiemeiltämme allative requiemillemme requiemeillemme essive requieminämme requiemeinämme translative requiemiksemme requiemeiksemme abessive requiemittämme requiemeittämme instructive — — comitative — requiemeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative requieminne requieminne accusative nom. requieminne requieminne gen. requieminne genitive requieminne requiemienne partitive requiemiänne requiemejänne inessive requiemissänne requiemeissänne elative requiemistänne requiemeistänne illative requiemiinne requiemeihinne adessive requiemillänne requiemeillänne ablative requiemiltänne requiemeiltänne allative requiemillenne requiemeillenne essive requieminänne requiemeinänne translative requiemiksenne requiemeiksenne abessive requiemittänne requiemeittänne instructive — — comitative — requiemeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative requieminsä requieminsä accusative nom. requieminsä requieminsä gen. requieminsä genitive requieminsä requiemiensä partitive requiemiään requiemiänsä requiemejään requiemejänsä inessive requiemissään requiemissänsä requiemeissään requiemeissänsä elative requiemistään requiemistänsä requiemeistään requiemeistänsä illative requiemiinsä requiemeihinsä adessive requiemillään requiemillänsä requiemeillään requiemeillänsä ablative requiemiltään requiemiltänsä requiemeiltään requiemeiltänsä allative requiemilleen requiemillensä requiemeilleen requiemeillensä essive requieminään requieminänsä requiemeinään requiemeinänsä translative requiemikseen requiemiksensä requiemeikseen requiemeiksensä abessive requiemittään requiemittänsä requiemeittään requiemeittänsä instructive — — comitative — requiemeineen requiemeinensä

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁe.kɥi.jɛm/, /ʁe.kwi.jɛm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland):

  (file)

Noun

requiem m (plural requiems)

1. requiem

Further reading

• “requiem”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin requiem [​aeternam dōnā eīs, Domine​] (“Grant them eternal rest, O Lord”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛ.kwjem/
• Rhymes: -ɛkwjem
• Hyphenation: rè‧quiem

Noun

requiem m (invariable)

1. requiem

Related terms

• requie
• messa funebre
• messa da requiem
• onoranze funebri

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈre.kʷi.em/, [ˈrɛkʷiɛ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈre.kwi.em/, [ˈrɛːkwiem]

Noun

requiem

1. accusative singular of requiēs

Middle English

Etymology

From Latin requiem, the first word of the introit for the traditional requiem mass.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɛkwiɛm/

Noun

requiem (Late Middle English)

1. requiem (mass for commemoration of the dead)
2. (rare) death, eternal peace

Descendants

• English: requiem
• Scots: requiem (obsolete)

References

• “requiem, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Polish

Alternative forms

• rekwiem

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin requiem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛˈkfi.ɛm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɛm
• Syllabification: re‧qui‧em

Noun

requiem n (indeclinable)

1. (music) requiem (musical composition composed for such a mass)
2. (Roman Catholicism) requiem (mass to honor and remember a dead person)

Further reading

• requiem in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɛ.ki.ẽj̃/ [ˈhɛ.kɪ.ẽɪ̯̃], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁɛ.kjẽj̃/ [ˈhɛ.kjẽɪ̯̃]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɛ.ki.ẽj̃/ [ˈhɛ.kɪ.ẽɪ̯̃], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁɛ.kjẽj̃/ [ˈhɛ.kjẽɪ̯̃]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɛ.ki.ẽj̃/ [ˈχɛ.kɪ.ẽɪ̯̃], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁɛ.kjẽj̃/ [ˈχɛ.kjẽɪ̯̃]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɛ.kjɐ̃j̃/

• Hyphenation: re‧qui‧em

Noun

requiem m (plural requiens)

1. Alternative spelling of réquiem