Wiktionary

pro

See also: -pro-, pro-, Pro, Pro., PRO, pró, and prò

TranslingualEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

EtymologyEdit

Abbreviation of English Provençal + abbreviation of English old.

SymbolEdit

pro

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Old Occitan.

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Late Middle English pro, from Latin prō (“on behalf of”).

NounEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. An advantage of something, especially when contrasted with its disadvantages (cons).
    Synonyms: advantage, plus, upside
    Antonyms: con, disadvantage, downside, minus
    What are the pros and cons of buying a car?
  2. A person who supports a concept or principle.
    Antonym: anti
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. In favor of.
    Antonym: anti
    He is pro exercise but against physical exertion, quite a conundrum.
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Clipping of professional.

NounEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. A professional sportsman.
  2. (colloquial) Professional.
    When it comes to DIY, he's a real pro.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

AdjectiveEdit

pro (comparative more pro, superlative most pro)

  1. Professional.
    He landed a pro mentorship gig.

Etymology 3Edit

Clipping of prostitute.

NounEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. (slang) A prostitute.
    • 1974, "Fynn" (Sydney Hopkins), Mister God, This Is Anna
      Millie was one of the dozen or so pros who had a house at the top of the street.

Etymology 4Edit

Clipping of proproctor

NounEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. (UK, slang, archaic) A proproctor.
ReferencesEdit
  • 1873, John Camden Hotten, The Slang Dictionary

Etymology 5Edit

 
An American WWII era poster advising service members to "take a pro" before having sexual relations.

Clipping of prophylaxis.

NounEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. (slang, historical) A chemical prophylaxis taken after sex to avoid contracting venereal disease.

AnagramsEdit

CatalanEdit

NounEdit

pro m (plural pros)

  1. pro; benefit; bonus

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. pro, for; in favour of

ChineseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From clipping of English professional.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /pʰou̯²²/, /pʰɹou̯²²/

AdjectiveEdit

pro

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) professional

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pro.

PrepositionEdit

pro + accusative

  1. for
    Zabili ho pro peníze. ― They killed him for his money.

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

pro n

  1. pro (advantage)
    Synonym: klad
    Antonyms: proti, zápor
    Všechno má svá pro a proti. ― Everything has its pros and cons.

Further readingEdit

  • pro in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • pro in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

EsperantoEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [pro]
  • Hyphenation: pro

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. caused by, because of, owing to, due to
  2. motivated by, for the sake of, on account of, for
  3. in exchange for

See alsoEdit

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Clipping of professionnel(le).

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

pro (plural pros)

  1. (informal) professional
    Il est très pro.

NounEdit

pro m or f by sense (plural pros)

  1. (informal) professional
    Elle est une vraie pro.
  2. (informal) a whiz, someone who is very good at something
    Nous avons affaire à un pro !

Further readingEdit

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin prō (“for”).

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro (+ accusative or dative)

  1. per, each
    Synonyms: je, für
    Samt Mehrwertsteuer ergibt sich ein Kaufpreis von rund 30 Euro pro Stück
    After VAT the price comes to around 30 euros each.
    Der durchschnittliche Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Bier in Deutschland im Jahr 2018 summierte sich auf rund 101,1 Liter.
    Average beer consumption in Germany in 2018 came to 101.1 liters per head.

Usage notesEdit

  • Followed by a noun in either the accusative or dative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden:
    pro gefahrenen / gefahrenem Kilometer ― per kilometer travelled
    pro verkauftes / verkauftem Exemplar ― for every copy sold
  • When used in a Latin phrase, the ablative is used according to the rules of Latin grammar: pars pro toto or Pars pro Toto, and pro forma or pro Forma.

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

IdoEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. because of

IndonesianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈpro]
  • Hyphenation: pro

Etymology 1Edit

From learned borrowing from Latin pro.

AdjectiveEdit

pro

  1. (colloquial) pro, in favor of.
    Synonym: setuju
  2. more.
    Synonym: lebih

Etymology 2Edit

From clipping of profesional (“professional”).

NounEdit

pro (first-person possessive proku, second-person possessive promu, third-person possessive pronya)

  1. Clipping of profesional (“professional”)..

Further readingEdit

InterlinguaEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin prō, which is the predecessor of French pour, Italian pro and Spanish para via Vulgar Latin por. See also por.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. for, to, for the sake of, not against
    Ille ha un dono pro te.
    He has a gift for you.
    Io ha votate pro iste candidato.
    I've voted for this candidate.
    Medicamento pro uso interne.
    Medication for internal use
  2. in place of, in exchange for, in return for
    Illa prendeva le robo pro solmente vinti euros!
    She got the dress for only twenty euros!
  3. (+ infinitive) to, in order to (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
    Io vole cantar pro facer te retornar.
    I want to sing to make you return.

ItalianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin prō (“for, on behalf of”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/°, /pro/° (preposition)
    • Rhymes: -ɔ, -o
    • Syllabification: prò, pro
  • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/* (noun)
    • Rhymes: -ɔ
    • Syllabification: prò
  • The preposition does not trigger syntactic gemination in the following word, but the noun does.

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. (archaic) for, in favor of/in favour of
Related termsEdit

NounEdit

pro m (invariable)

  1. (dated) good, benefit, advantage, weal
    • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier (1994), Canto II, p. 29, vv. 109-111:
      Al mondo non fur mai persone ratte ¶ a far lor pro o a fuggir lor danno, ¶ com'io, dopo cotai parole fatte.
      Never were persons in the world so swift ¶ to work their weal and to escape their woe, ¶ as I, after such words as these were uttered.
  2. pro (as in English “pros and cons”)

Etymology 2Edit

Borrowed from English pro.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/*
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Syllabification: prò

NounEdit

pro m (invariable)

  1. (slang) pro

LadinEdit

NounEdit

pro m (plural pro)

  1. good; benefit; advantage

LatinEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-, o-grade of *per-.[1]

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

prō (+ ablative, accusative) (accusative in Late Latin)

  1. for
  2. on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of
    • 6th century BC, Tibur pedestal inscription (CIL I2 2658; image (page 18)):
      𐌇𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌊𐌀𐌖𐌉𐌏𐌔[…]𐌌𐌏𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌄𐌕𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌃[𐌏]𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌏𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏𐌃
      HOIMEDMITATKAVIOS[…]MONIOSQETIOSD[O]NOMPROFILEOD
      Hoi mēd mitāt Kāvios […]monios Qetios d[ō]nom prō fileōd.
      Kavios […]monios Qetios places me here as a gift on behalf of his son.
  3. before, in front of
  4. instead of
  5. about
  6. according to
  7. as, like
  8. as befitting

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Late Latin: pōr (see there for further descendants)
  • Sardinian: pro, po
  • → English: pro
  • → German: pro
  • → Portuguese: pró

ReferencesEdit

  • “pro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “pro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • pro in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • pro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to make up, stir up a fire: ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51)
    • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
    • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.)
    • to die for one's country: mortem occumbere pro patria
    • to shed one's blood for one's fatherland: sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
    • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: vitam profundere pro patria
    • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: se morti offerre pro salute patriae
    • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    • to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro
    • to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re
    • to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
    • to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
    • according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
    • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    • this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
    • to quote an argument in favour of immortality: argumentum immortalitatis afferre (not pro)
    • this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
    • the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
    • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
    • to be security for some one: sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo
    • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo or pro aliqua re
    • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
    • to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    • a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
    • to sacrifice human victims: pro victimis homines immolare
    • to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
    • to support a bill (before the people): pro lege dicere
    • to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
    • to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo
    • to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere
    • to defend a person: causam dicere pro aliquo
    • to punish some one: ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re)
    • to be on duty before the gates: stationes agere pro portis
  • pro in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “pro-”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

LuxembourgishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. per

Middle EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin prō.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pro

  1. (Late Middle English, rare) advantage, benefit, upside

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

OccitanEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. enough
    N'i a pro. - There is enough (of it).
  2. quite
    Una rauba pro polida. - A quite pretty dress.

Old FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. (very early Old French) Alternative form of por

Etymology 2Edit

From Late Latin prōde. Doublet of preu.

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

pro m (nominative singular pro)

  1. profit, advantage
    • ca. 1050, Vie de Saint Alexis :
      Bons fut li sècles al tens ancienur, si ert créḍance, dunt or n'i a nul prut. Tut est muḍez, perdut aḍ sa colur.
      Good was the time of the ancients, as there was trust, in which nowadays there is no profit. Everything has changed and has lost its color.
    • 11th century, Chanson de Roland, 221-222 :
      E dist al Rei : « Ja mar crerez bricun, / Ne mei ne altre, se de vostre prod nun. [...] »
      (Ganelon speaks to Charlemaigne) And he said to the king, "You should never believe a madman: [believe] neither me nor anyone else, unless it is of your advantage. [...]"
DescendantsEdit

Old SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Late Latin prōde (“useful”), perhaps via Old Occitan pro.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

pro f (usually uncountable)

  1. usefulness, advantage, benefit
    • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v.
      Andat ¬ matemoſle. Echemoſle en aq́l pozo. E ueremos que prol aura so suenno. […]
      “Go and let us kill him. Let us throw him into that pit, and we shall see of what use his dream is to him! […] ”
    • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mio Cid 1374:
      Bien casariemos con sus fijas pora huebos de pro
      We would do well marrying his daughters, out of need for [our own] benefit.
    • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mío Cid 1913:
      Andar le qiero amyo çid en toda pro
      I want to always support the Cid.
      (literally, “I want to walk for my Cid in every advantage.”)

Related termsEdit

PortugueseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Contraction of pra o.

PronunciationEdit

  • Hyphenation: pro

ContractionEdit

pro (feminine pra, masculine plural pros, feminine plural pras)

  1. (colloquial) Contraction of pra o (“for/to the (masculine singular)”).

SardinianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • po (Campidanese)

EtymologyEdit

From Latin pro.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. for

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɾo/ [ˈpɾo]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: pro

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Spanish pro, from Late Latin prōde (“useful”).

NounEdit

pro m (plural pros)

  1. usefulness, advantage, benefit

Etymology 2Edit

A recent Latinism, borrowed from Latin prō; see above. Doublet of por.

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. pro, in favor of, for
Usage notesEdit

Equivalent to, and often replaced with, en pro de (see en, de) or a favor de (see a, favor).

Etymology 3Edit

A very recent anglicism, borrowed from English pro.

NounEdit

pro m or f (plural pros)

  1. pro (professional)
    Ella es toda una pro.
    She's a real pro.

AdjectiveEdit

pro (plural pro or pros)

  1. pro (professional)
    Los atletas pro llegaron ayer, los otros vienen hoy.
    The pro athletes arrived yesterday, the rest are coming today.

Further readingEdit

VolapükEdit

PrepositionEdit

pro

  1. for
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