學者

See also: 学者

Chinese edit

		learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (學者)		學	者
simp. (学者)		学	者

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuézhě

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hok⁶ ze²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ho̍k-chá
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ha̍k-chiá

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuézhě
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuéjhě
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²-chê³
  - Yale: sywé-jě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuejee
  - Palladius: сюэчжэ (sjuečžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hok⁶ ze²
  - Yale: hohk jé
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hok⁹ dze²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hog⁶ zé²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho̍k-chá
  - Hakka Romanization System: hog za`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hog⁶ za³
  - Sinological IPA: /hok̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍k-chiá
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍k-tsiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hagciar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: haewk tsyaeX

Rime
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	江 (10)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	胡覺切	章也切
Baxter	haewk	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠʌk̚/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚɔk̚/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨwk̚/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɔk̚/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok⁶	ze²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤruk tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːɡ tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ hæwk ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁruk/	/*tAʔ/
English	study; imitate	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	學	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14079	16960
Phonetic component	學	者
Rime group	覺	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	學	者
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːɡ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes	甲文象習持爻於膝前，金文方加子	說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun edit

學者

scholar; academic (Classifier: 個／个 m; 名 m; 位 m)
在這個問題上，專家學者們各持己見。 [MSC, trad.]
在这个问题上，专家学者们各持己见。 [MSC, simp.]
Zài zhège wèntí shàng, zhuānjiā xuézhěmen gèchíjǐjiàn. [Pinyin]
Experts and scholars have disagreeing views on this issue.

道理無窮，學者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, trad.]
道理无穷，学者先要不得有自足心。 [MSC, simp.]
Dàolǐ wúqióng, xuézhě xiān yàobudé yǒu zìzú xīn. [Pinyin]
Truth is infinite; a scholar cannot afford to have a complacent attitude.
(obsolete) learner; student

Synonyms edit

(scholar):

人士 (rénshì) (literary)
儒生 (rúshēng) (literary)
士人 (shìrén) (literary)
學人／学人 (xuérén)
學士／学士 (xuéshì)
文人 (wénrén)
文人墨客 (wénrénmòkè)
文士 (wénshì)
書生／书生 (shūshēng)
知識人／知识人
知識分子／知识分子
秀才 (xiùcái)
讀冊人／读册人 (Hokkien)
讀書人／读书人 (dúshūrén)
騷人／骚人 (sāorén)
騷人墨客／骚人墨客 (sāorénmòkè)
騷客／骚客 (sāokè)
墨客 (mòkè)

(learner): 學習者／学习者 (xuéxízhě)

Derived terms edit

交流學者／交流学者 (jiāoliú xuézhě)
訪問學者／访问学者 (fǎngwèn xuézhě)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (學者):

→ Japanese: 学者(がくしゃ) (gakusha)
→ Korean: 학자(學者) (hakja)
→ Vietnamese: học giả (學者)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
學	者
がく Hyōgaiji	しゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun edit

學(がく)者(しゃ) • (gakusha)

Kyūjitai form of 学者: scholar

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
學	者

Noun edit

學者 • (hakja) (hangeul 학자)

Hanja form^? of 학자 (“scholar”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
學	者

Noun edit

學者

chữ Hán form of học giả (“scholar”).

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