Wiktionary

鳥

See also: 烏, 焉, 舄, and 鸟
鳥 U+9CE5, 鳥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE5
← 鳤
[U+9CE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鳦 →
[U+9CE6]
⿃ U+2FC3, ⿃
KANGXI RADICAL BIRD
← ⿂
[U+2FC2] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿄ →
[U+2FC4]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 196 鳥

鳥 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 27327, composition ⿴烏一)

  1. Kangxi radical #196, ⿃.

Derived characters edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 52
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9CE5

Chinese edit

trad. 鳥
simp. 鸟
 

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 鳥
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
島 *tuːwʔ
搗 *taːwʔ
鵃 *rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw
瞗 *tɯːw
鳥 *tɯːwʔ
蔦 *tɯːwʔ, *tɯːws
窵 *tɯːws

Pictogram (象形) : a bird with a dangling tail.

Compare 烏, which is very similar, of similar origin, and 隹, which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿

Etymology edit

Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare 島 (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word 屌 (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare 雀 (“sparrow > penis”) and 雞 (“chicken > penis”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”), whence Thai นก (nók).

The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (“bird”) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • tiâu - vernacular;
  • niâu - literary.
Note:
  • cēu - vernacular;
  • nēu - literary.
Note:
  • chiáu - vernacular;
  • niáu - literary.
Note:
  • ziao2 - Shantou;
  • ziou2 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • (Shanghainese) 5tiau, (Suzhounese) 3tiau - colloquial;
  • (Shanghainese) 5gniau, (Suzhounese) 3gniau - literary and colloquial (younger speakers).
Note:
  • diau3 - vernacular;
  • nyiau3 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 鳥
    Mandarin Beijing /niɑu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /niau²¹³/
    Tianjin /niɑu¹³/
    Jinan /tiɔ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /niɔ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /niau⁵³/
    Xi'an /niau⁵³/
    Xining /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /niɔ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵiɔ⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ȵiɔ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /niau⁴²/
    Chengdu /ȵiau⁵³/
    Guiyang /niao⁴²/
    Kunming /niɔ⁵³/
    Nanjing /liɔo²¹²/
    Hefei /liɔ⁵⁵/
    /tiɔ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /niau⁵³/
    Pingyao /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /niɔ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /tiɔ⁵³/
    /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Suzhou /ȵiæ⁵¹/
    /tiæ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ȵa³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /niɔ³⁵/ 飛～
    /tiɔ³⁵/ 啄木～
    Tunxi /liun²⁴/
    /lin²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵiau⁴¹/
    /tiau⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /tiaɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛu²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /tiau⁴⁴/ ～兒
    /tiau³¹/ 罵人話
    Taoyuan /ŋiɑu²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /niu²³/
    Nanning /tiu³⁵/
    /niu²⁴/
    Hong Kong /niu¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiau⁵³/
    /niau⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛu³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niau²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siau⁵³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siau²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 鳥
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 都了切
    Baxter tewX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/teuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/teuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/teuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tɛwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/teuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/tieuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tieuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		diǎo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		diu2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鳥
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		niǎo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tewX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tˁiwʔ/
    English bird

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鳥
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9511
    Phonetic
    component         		鳥
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		鳥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tɯːwʔ/

    Definitions edit

    鳥

    1. bird (Classifier: 隻／只 m; 群 m)
      養鳥／养鸟  ―  yǎngniǎo  ―  to breed birds
    2. (slang, dialectal) to pay attention; to heed; to take notice of
      我才不鳥他。／我才不鸟他。  ―  Wǒ cái bù niǎo tā.  ―  I don't give a damn about him.
    3. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) unpleasant thing
      什麼鳥?!／什么鸟?!  ―  shénme niǎo?!  ―  What the fuck?!
    4. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) inferior or objectionable (a general term of disparagement)
      這事情太鳥了！／这事情太鸟了！  ―  Zhè shìqíng tài niǎo le!  ―  This thing really sucks!
    Synonyms edit
    Dialectal synonyms of 鳥 (“bird”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 鳥
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鳥
    Taxonomic name 鳥
    Mandarin Beijing 鳥兒
    Taiwan 鳥
    Tianjin 鳥兒
    Chengde 鳥兒
    Tangshan 鳥兒
    Cangzhou 鳥兒
    Baoding 鳥兒
    Shijiazhuang 鳥兒
    Chifeng 鳥兒
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 鳥兒
    Heihe 鳥兒
    Qiqihar 鳥兒
    Harbin 鳥兒
    Jiamusi 鳥兒
    Baicheng 鳥兒
    Changchun 鳥兒
    Tonghua 鳥兒
    Shenyang 鳥兒
    Dandong 鳥兒, 雀兒
    Jinzhou 鳥兒, 雀兒
    Dalian 雀兒
    Yantai 雀兒
    Qingdao 家雀兒
    Lijin 鳥兒
    Zhucheng 鳥兒, 𪁏子
    Jinan 鳥, 鳥兒
    Jining 鳥兒
    Luoyang 蟲蟻兒
    Wanrong 蟲蟻兒
    Shangqiu 鳥兒, 蟲蟻得
    Yuanyang 鳥兒
    Zhengzhou 蟲蟻兒
    Xinyang 鳥兒
    Baihe 鳥
    Hanzhong 鳥兒
    Xi'an 鳥兒, 蟲蟻兒
    Baoji 鳥
    Yinchuan 鳥鳥子, 鳥兒
    Tianshui 鳥
    Lanzhou 鳥兒
    Dunhuang 鳥兒
    Xining 雀兒
    Hami 鳥兒
    Ürümqi 鳥, 雀娃子
    Wuhan 雀子, 鳥
    Yichang 鳥
    Xiangyang 鳥兒
    Tianmen 鳥
    Hong'an 鳥, 雀
    Chengdu 雀雀, 雀兒, 鳥兒 formal, 鳥
    Nanchong 鳥
    Dazhou 鳥兒
    Hanyuan 雀雀
    Xichang 鳥
    Zigong 雀兒
    Chongqing 鳥, 雀兒
    Guiyang 鳥
    Zunyi 雀雀兒
    Bijie 雀鳥
    Liping 鳥
    Zhaotong 鳥
    Dali 鳥
    Kunming 鳥, 小雀
    Mengzi 鳥
    Guilin 鳥, 鳥崽
    Liuzhou 鳥, 鳥崽
    Jishou 雀兒
    Changde 鳥兒
    Anqing 鳥雀
    Xuzhou 鳥兒, 鳥
    Fuyang 鳥, 蟲蟻子
    Wuhu 鳥雀子
    Yangzhou 雀子
    Lianyungang 鳥
    Lianshui 鳥, 雀子
    Nanjing 鳥, 雀子, 雀兒
    Hefei 鳥, 雀子
    Nantong 雀兒
    Malaysia 鳥
    Singapore 鳥, 小鳥
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 雀兒, 雀雀子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 雀仔, 雀
    Hong Kong 雀仔, 雀
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 雀仔
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 雀仔, 雀
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 雀仔
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 雀仔
    Macau 雀
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 雀仔
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 雀仔
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 雀仔
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 甩仔
    Foshan 雀仔
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 雀仔
    Foshan (Shunde) 雀
    Foshan (Sanshui) 雀仔
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 雀仔
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 雀
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 雀
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 雀仔
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 雀
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 雀
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 雀
    Taishan 雀仔, 雀
    Kaiping (Chikan) 雀
    Enping (Niujiang) 雀
    Heshan (Yayao) 雀
    Dongguan 雀仔, 鷝仔
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 雀
    Qingyuan 雀仔
    Fogang 雀仔
    Yingde (Hanguang) 鳥仔
    Yangshan 雀仔
    Lianshan (Butian) 雀兒
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 雀仔
    Shaoguan 雀仔
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 雀仔
    Renhua 雀仔, 鳥仔
    Lechang 雀仔
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 雀仔
    Sihui 雀仔
    Guangning 雀仔
    Deqing 雀兒, 鳥
    Huaiji 雀仔
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 竹仔
    Yunfu 雀仔
    Xinxing 雀仔
    Luoding 雀仔
    Yunan (Pingtai) 雀兒
    Yangjiang 雀仔
    Xinyi 雀
    Lianjiang 雀仔
    Nanning 雀仔
    Wuzhou 雀仔
    Yulin 雀, 雀兒
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 雀兒
    Hepu (Shatian) 雀兒, 鳥
    Guiping 雀
    Mengshan (Xihe) 雀
    Guigang (Nanjiang) 雀
    Beiliu (Tangliao) 雀
    Baise 雀
    Bobai 鳥
    Lingshan 雀
    Pubei 雀
    Qinzhou 雀
    Beihai 雀
    Beihai (Nankang) 雀仔
    Beihai (Yingpan) 雀
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 雀仔
    Ningming 雀
    Hengzhou 雀
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 雀仔
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 雀仔
    Singapore (Guangfu) 雀仔
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 雀
    Móng Cái 雀仔
    Gan Nanchang 雀子
    Lichuan 鳥兒
    Pingxiang 鳥
    Hakka Meixian 鳥仔
    Xingning 鳥哩
    Dabu (Xihe) 鳥兒
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 雀仔, 雀
    Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 雀
    Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 雀哩
    Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 雀仔
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 鳥仔
    Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 雀哩
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 烈
    Boluo (Bendihua) 雀哎
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鳥仔
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鳥仔
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 鳥哩
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 鳥哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 鳥哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 鳥哩
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 雀
    Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 雀
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 雀哎
    Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 雀哎
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 鷝子, 鳥, 雀
    Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 雀, 鳥
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 鳥
    Wengyuan 鳥子
    Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 鳥
    Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 鳥
    Liannan 鳥仔
    Conghua (Lütian) 鳥
    Jiexi 鳥
    Luhe 鳥仔
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 鳥
    Changting 鳥哩
    Wuping (Yanqian) 鳥子
    Ninghua 鳥子
    Yudu 鳥子, 鳥
    Ningdu 鳥子
    Tonggu (Sandu) 鳥子
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 鳥子
    Dayu 鳥
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鳥仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鳥仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鳥仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鳥
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鳥仔, 鳥
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鳥
    Hong Kong 鳥仔
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 鳥子
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 鳥
    Xinyi (Sihe) 鳥仔
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 鳥
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 鳥仔
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 鳥
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 雀子
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 鳥
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 鳥
    Mengshan (Xihe) 鳥
    Luchuan 鳥
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 鳥
    Bobai (Shahe) 鳥
    Beiliu (Tang'an) 雀
    Mashan (Pianlian) 鳥
    Sabah (Longchuan) 鳥仔
    Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 鳥
    Senai (Huiyang) 鳥
    Singkawang 鳥
    Singapore (Meixian) 鳥仔
    Singapore (Dabu) 鳥子
    Huizhou Shexian 鳥
    Jin Taiyuan 鳥兒
    Yangyuan 鳥兒
    Datong 鳥兒
    Xinzhou 鳥兒
    Lishi 雀雀
    Linfen 鳥兒
    Changzhi 鳥
    Linhe 鳥
    Jining 鳥兒
    Hohhot 鳥兒
    Erenhot 鳥
    Pingshan 鳥兒
    Zhangjiakou 鳥兒
    Handan 鳥兒
    Linzhou 鳥兒
    Suide 雀兒
    Northern Min Jian'ou 隻仔
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 鳥
    Fuqing 鳥
    Matsu 鳥囝
    Southern Min Xiamen 鳥仔, 鳥隻
    Quanzhou 鳥仔, 鳥隻
    Zhangzhou 鳥仔, 鳥隻
    Zhao'an 鳥仔
    Kaohsiung 鳥仔
    Yilan 鳥仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 鳥仔
    Taichung 鳥仔
    Taichung (Wuqi) 鳥仔
    Tainan 鳥仔
    Taitung 鳥仔
    Hsinchu 鳥仔
    Penghu (Magong) 鳥
    Penang (Hokkien) 鳥
    Singapore (Hokkien) 鳥
    Manila (Hokkien) 鳥
    Medan (Hokkien) 鳥
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 鳥
    Chaozhou 鳥
    Shantou 鳥
    Haifeng 鳥
    Bangkok (Teochew) 鳥
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 鳥
    Singapore (Teochew) 鳥
    Leizhou 鳥
    Haikou 鳥
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 鳥
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鳥
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 鳥
    Wu Shanghai 鳥
    Shanghai (Chongming) 將
    Suzhou 鳥
    Danyang 雀子
    Hangzhou 鳥, 鳥兒
    Ningbo 鳥
    Wenzhou 鳥
    Xiang Changsha 鳥
    Loudi 鳥唧
    Quanzhou 鳥

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    • → Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Definitions edit

    鳥

    1. (vulgar) Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo)
      1. penis
      2. (intensifier) damned; goddamn
        你這鳥人！／你这鸟人！  ―  Nǐ zhè diǎorén!  ―  You fucking prick!

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic (鳥):

    Others:

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    鳥

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1 edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    鳥 (tori): various kinds of birds.
    Kanji in this term
    鳥
    とり
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2ri⟩ → /tori/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean 닭 (dak, “fowl; chicken”).

    May also be related to the verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”).

    Alternative forms edit

    • (usually a chicken): 鶏
    • 禽 (rare)

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    鳥(とり) • (tori) 

    1. a bird
      • 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
        このトリが現(あらわ)れた時(とき)は、何(なに)か不(ふ)吉(きつ)な事(こと)が起(お)こる前(まえ)ぶれ。
        Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
        This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
      • 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
        非(ひ)常(じょう)に尾(お)の長(なが)い鳥(とり)。全(ぜん)身(しん)から聖(せい)なる光(ひかり)を発(はっ)する。
        Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
        A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
    2. a chicken
    3. fowl or chicken meat
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    Proper noun edit

    鳥(とり) • (Tori) 

    1. a surname
    2. a unisex given name

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    鳥
    と
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2ri⟩ → ⟨*to2⟩ → /to/

    From Old Japanese.[4][5] Appears to be a shift from tori above.

    Pronunciation edit

    • The pitch accent is determined by the entire word.

    Prefix edit

    鳥(と) • (to-) 

    1. a bird
    2. (more specifically) a chicken
    Usage notes edit
    • Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    References edit

    1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225
    4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese 鳥 (MC tewX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 새〯 (Yale: sǎy) 됴〮 (Yale: tyó)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    鳥 (eumhun 새 조 (sae jo))

    1. Hanja form? of 조 (“bird”). [affix]

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    鳥

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. bird
    2. chicken

    Readings edit

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    鳥
    とぅい
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tori, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Cognate with Japanese 鳥 (tori).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    鳥(とぅい) (tui) 

    1. bird
    2. chicken

    References edit

    • “とぅい【鳥】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    鳥: Hán Nôm readings: điểu, đeo, đéo, đẽo

    1. chữ Hán form of điểu (“bird”).

    Compounds edit

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