file
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.
Noun edit
file (plural files)
- A collection of papers collated and archived together.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- It is upon a file with the duke's other letters.
- A roll or list.
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
- a file of all the gentry
- Course of thought; thread of narration.
- 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers:
- Let me resume the file of my narration.
- (computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.
- I'm going to delete these unwanted files to free up some disk space.
- (computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.
- A row of modular kitchen units and a countertop, consisting of cabinets and appliances below (dishwasher) and next to (stove/cooker) a countertop.
- Many homes now have double-file kitchens.
- (Canada, US) Clipping of file cabinet.
- 2010, Beth Critchley Charlton, Englaging the DisEngaged[2], page 71:
- The Nonfiction Vertical File: […] I spent my university years working in the library at the Maritime School of Social Work. One of my responsibilities was to keep the library's vertical file up to date. The vertical file was a cabinet full of current newspaper and magazine clippings on topics of interest to the students and faculty of the school.
Synonyms edit
Hyponyms edit
- accordion file
- audio file
- batch file
- binary file
- box file
- circular file
- code file
- destination file
- diff file
- dirt file
- fact file
- file 13
- flat file
- goat file
- header file
- hosts file
- hypertext file
- Jenkinsfile
- kill file
- long file name
- make file
- patch file
- pseudofile
- round file
- sequential file
- serial file
- sidecar file
- source code file
- source file
- swap file
- system file
- text file
- tickler file
- tub file
- video file
- zip file
Derived terms edit
- device file
- file allocation table
- file association
- file cabinet
- file card
- file carving
- file clerk
- file-drawer problem
- file extension
- file film
- file footage
- file format
- file handle
- filehandle
- file manager
- filename
- file name
- file photo
- file photograph
- file picker
- file pointer
- file section
- file server
- file sharing
- file shredder
- file size
- file system
- filesystem
- file type
- file video
- file videotape
- on file
- page file
- paging file
- PDF file
- per-file
- swipe file
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: ֆայլ (fayl)
- → Azerbaijani: fayl
- → Belarusian: файл (fajl)
- → Bulgarian: файл (fajl)
- → Bengali: ফাইল (phail)
- → Burmese: ဖိုင် (hpuing)
- → Dutch: file
- → Estonian: fail
- → Finnish: faili
- → German: File
- → Hindi: फ़ाइल (fāil)
- → Hungarian: fájl
- → Italian: file
- → Japanese: ファイル (fairu)
- → Korean: 파일 (pail)
- → Lao: ໄຟລ໌ (fai
n) - → Latvian: fails
- → Lithuanian: failas
- → Macedonian: фајл (fajl)
- → Malay: fail
- → Maltese: fajl
- → Oromo: faayila
- → Persian: فایل (fâyl)
- → Portuguese: file
- → Russian: файл (fajl)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Slovak: fajl
- → Swahili: faili
- → Tajik: файл (fayl)
- → Thai: ไฟล์ (faai)
- → Turkmen: faýl
- → Ukrainian: файл (fajl)
- → Urdu: فائل (fāil)
- → Uzbek: fayl
- → Welsh: ffeil
Translations edit
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Verb edit
file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
- (transitive) To commit (official papers) to some office.
- 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club[3]:
- The episode’s unwillingness to fully commit to the pathos of the Bart-and-Laura subplot is all the more frustrating considering its laugh quota is more than filled by a rollicking B-story that finds Homer, he of the iron stomach and insatiable appetite, filing a lawsuit against The Frying Dutchman when he’s hauled out of the eatery against his will after consuming all of the restaurant’s shrimp (plus two plastic lobsters).
- (transitive) To submit (a story) to a newspaper or similar publication.
- (transitive) To place in an archive in a logical place and order.
- (transitive) To store a file (aggregation of data) on a storage medium such as a disc or another computer.
- (intransitive, with for, chiefly law) To submit a formal request to some office.
- She filed for divorce the next day.
- The company filed for bankruptcy when the office opened on Monday.
- They filed for a refund under their warranty.
- (transitive, obsolete) To set in order; to arrange, or lay away.
- 1606, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Woman-Hater”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:
- I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).
Noun edit
file (plural files)
- A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern.
- Antonym: rank
- The troops marched in Indian file.
- (military) A small detachment of soldiers.
- (chess) one of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
- Antonym: rank
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
- (intransitive) To move in a file.
- The applicants kept filing into the room until it was full.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 3 edit
From Middle English file, fyle, from Old English fēl, fēol (“file”), from earlier fīil, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō, *finhilō (“file, rasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to adorn, form”). Cognate with West Frisian file (“file”), Dutch vijl (“file”), German Feile (“file”).
Noun edit
file (plural files)
- A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
- (slang, archaic) A cunning or resourceful person.
- 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:
- Will is an old file, in spite of his smooth face.
- 1743, Henry Fielding, The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great:
- The greatest character among them was that of a Pickpocket, or, in truer language, a File.
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
- (transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.
- I'd better file the bottoms of the table legs. Otherwise they will scratch the flooring.
- 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
- Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 4 edit
From Middle English filen (“to defile”), from Old English fȳlan (“to defile, make foul”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make foul”). More at defile.
Verb edit
file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)
- (archaic) To defile.
- 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
- I cannot thinke […] So true a bird would file ſo faire a neſt, […]
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- for Banquo's issue have I fil'd my mind
- To corrupt.
Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Etymology 1 edit
From French file (“line, row”), from Late Latin filare, from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“computer file”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file f (plural files, diminutive filetje n)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From English file (“computer file”), from Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“queue, traffic jam”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file m (plural files, diminutive filetje n)
Anagrams edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Adverb edit
file
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file
- Alternative form of filee.
Declension edit
Inflection of file (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | ||||
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nominative | file | fileet | ||
genitive | fileen | fileiden fileitten | ||
partitive | filettä | fileitä | ||
illative | fileeseen | fileisiin fileihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | file | fileet | ||
accusative | nom. | file | fileet | |
gen. | fileen | |||
genitive | fileen | fileiden fileitten | ||
partitive | filettä | fileitä | ||
inessive | fileessä | fileissä | ||
elative | fileestä | fileistä | ||
illative | fileeseen | fileisiin fileihin | ||
adessive | fileellä | fileillä | ||
ablative | fileeltä | fileiltä | ||
allative | fileelle | fileille | ||
essive | fileenä | fileinä | ||
translative | fileeksi | fileiksi | ||
abessive | fileettä | fileittä | ||
instructive | — | filein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “file”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file f (plural files)
- a line of objects placed one after the other
- (Belgium) traffic jam
- Synonyms: bouchon, embouteillage
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Verb edit
file
- inflection of filer:
Further reading edit
- “file”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish fili,[1] from Primitive Irish ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ (velitas), from Proto-Celtic *welīts.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file m (genitive singular file, nominative plural filí)
Declension edit
Archaic declension:
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Derived terms edit
- filíocht
- pribhléid an fhile (“poetic licence”)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
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Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
file | fhile | bhfile |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fili”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 111
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 39
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “file”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unadapted borrowing from English file.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file m (invariable)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file f
References edit
- ^ file in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Anagrams edit
Northern Kurdish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic فَلَّاح (fallāḥ), from Classical Syriac ܦܠܚܐ (pallāḥā).[1] Sedentary Armenians called so after their way of life by nomadic Kurds.[2]
Noun edit
Central Kurdish | فەلە (fele) |
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file m or f
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “file”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary[1], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 195a
- ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 354
Further reading edit
- Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 294b
- Kurdojev, K. K. (1960) “file”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 263a
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
From fil f (“a file”).
Alternative forms edit
- fila (a infinitive)
Verb edit
file (present tense filar/filer, past tense fila/filte, past participle fila/filt, passive infinitive filast, present participle filande, imperative file/fil)
- (transitive) To use a file to file.
- (transitive) To rub (making a sound).
- (transitive, figurative) To polish, refine.
Etymology 2 edit
Probably related to Swedish fil.
Noun edit
file m (definite singular filen, indefinite plural filar, definite plural filane)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References edit
- “file” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Irish edit
Verb edit
file
- Alternative form of fil
Picard edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
file f (plural files)
Related terms edit
Portuguese edit
Verb edit
file
- inflection of filar:
Slovene edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
filẹ̑ m inan
Inflection edit
Masculine inan., soft o-stem | |||
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nom. sing. | filé | ||
gen. sing. | filêja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
filé | filêja | filêji |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
filêja | filêjev | filêjev |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
filêju | filêjema | filêjem |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
filé | filêja | filêje |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
filêju | filêjih | filêjih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
filêjem | filêjema | filêji |
Spanish edit
Verb edit
file
- inflection of filar:
Swahili edit
Verb edit
-file (infinitive kufile)
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
file (definite accusative fileyi, plural fileler)
- A net made of wool, cotton etc.; mesh.
- A meshwork bag used for shopping.
- A hairnet.
- (sports) A net inside the goal in games like association football, handball etc.
- (sports) A net that divides the court in games like tennis, volleyball, badminton etc.
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | file | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | fileyi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | file | fileler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | fileyi | fileleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | fileye | filelere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | filede | filelerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | fileden | filelerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | filenin | filelerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “file”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading edit
- “file”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “file”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1591