Wiktionary

kind

See also: Kind and -kind

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

  • enPR: kīnd, IPA(key): /kaɪnd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪnd

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“inherent nature, disposition, kind, gender, generation, race”), from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, related to Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, kin”) and Old English cennan (“to bear, give birth”). Cognate with Old High German gikunt (“nature, kind”), Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

kind (plural kinds)

  1. A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
    What kind of a person are you?
    This is a strange kind of tobacco.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 1:
      How diversely Love doth his pageants play, / And shews his powre in variable kinds !
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎[1]:
      “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
        Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
    • 2022, James Dominic Rooney, Material Objects in Confucian and Aristotelian Metaphysics, page 166:
      That in virtue of which all of his material parts are of the same kind human being is what makes those parts belong to Hook, but Hook is neither identical with his kind (the essence of human being), nor is Hook merely that which makes him a member of the kind or all his parts human (his soul).
  2. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
    The opening served as a kind of window.
  3. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
    • 1533, Thomas More, The second parte of the confutacion of Tyndals answere in whyche is also confuted the chyrche that Tyndale deuyseth:
      Must yt nedes folowe that theyr fayth was chaunged in kynde, bycause yt was augmented in degrees.
    • 1551, Thomas Wilson, The rule of reason, conteinyng the arte of logique:
      The generall woorde, is spoken of many, that differ either in kynd, or els in nombre.
    • 1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects. Whereto is premis'd a Discourse about such kind of thoughts:
      'Tis all one..whether our Afflictions be the same with those of others, in Kind, or not Superiour to them in Degree.
    • 2002, D. DeGrazia, Animal Rights:
      He also argued powerfully, if less influentially, that animals' and humans' capacities differ largely in degree and not in kind.
  4. (archaic) Family, lineage.
    • "She Moved through the Fair" (traditional Irish folk song)
      My young love said to me, My mother won’t mind
      And my father won’t slight you for your lack of kind.
  5. (archaic) Manner.
  7. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
    • 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur:
      Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.
  8. Equivalent means used as response to an action.
    I'll pay in kind for his insult.
  9. (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.
  10. (type theory) The type of a type constructor or a higher-order type operator.
    The kind of any primitive data type is *, corresponding to a nullary constructor.
Usage notes edit

In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.

Synonyms edit
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.

(1) and/or (2)

Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from Old English cynde, ġecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“nature, kind”).

Alternative forms edit

Adjective edit

kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)

  1. Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
  2. Affectionate.
    a kind man; a kind heart
  3. Favorable.
  4. Mild, gentle, forgiving
    The years have been kind to Richard Gere; he ages well.
  5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed.
    a horse kind in harness
  6. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
terms derived from kind (adjective)
Translations edit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Afrikaans edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

kind (plural kinders)

  1. child

Anagrams edit

Danish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)

  1. cheek

Inflection edit

Declension of kind
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kinden kinder kinderne
genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernes

Dutch edit

 
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind (“offspring”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to give birth”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)

  1. child, kid, non-adult human
    Lieve kinderen, wij missen jullie. (typical paedagogical window message during COVID-19 measures)
    Dear children, we miss you.
  2. first-degree descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age
    In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
    In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family
    Synonyms: afstammeling, nakomeling, telg
  3. (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.
    Deze kunstwerken zijn een kind van de moderne kunstbeweging.
    These artworks are a product of the modern art movement.

Usage notes edit

  • The normal plural is kinderen (a double plural combining the endings -er (archaic) and -en, also found in a few other neuter nouns). The form kinders is heard colloquially, often also humorously.
  • In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind- as a tail. The former is used more often, however.
  • The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Afrikaans: kind
  • Jersey Dutch: känt
  • Negerhollands: kind, kint, kin, ken
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: kente, kinte

See also edit

Icelandic edit

 
Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia is

Etymology edit

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

kind f (genitive singular kindar, nominative plural kindur or kindir)

  1. (obsolete) race, kind, kin
  2. a sheep (especially a ewe)
  3. (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)

Declension edit

Standard declension:

declension of kind
f-s3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindur kindurnar
accusative kind kindina kindur kindurnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Alternative declension, used primarily with "race, kind, kin":

declension of kind
f-s2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindir kindirnar
accusative kind kindina kindir kindirnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse kind f, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Akin to English kind.

Noun edit

kind m (definite singular kinden, indefinite plural kindar, definite plural kindane)
kind n (definite singular kindet, indefinite plural kind, definite plural kinda)

  1. a child in a cradle

References edit

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”).

Noun edit

kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)

  1. race, kind, kin
  2. creature, being

Declension edit

  Declension of kind (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
accusative kind kindina kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • “kind”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *kind (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *kindą, *kinþą, from Pre-Germanic *ǵénh₁tom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to bear, give birth”).

Noun edit

kind n

  1. child

Declension edit

Declension of kind (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kind
accusative kind kind
genitive kindes kindō
dative kinde kindun
instrumental — —


Declension of kind (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kindiru
accusative kind kindiru
genitive kindes kindirō
dative kinde kindirum
instrumental — —


Descendants edit

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

kind c

  1. (anatomy) cheek; a part of the face.

Usage notes edit

False friend with chin, see haka.

Declension edit

Declension of kind 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative kind kinden kinder kinderna
Genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernas

Derived terms edit

References edit

Zealandic edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch kint.

Noun edit

kind n (plural kinders)

  1. child
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