BulgarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

кал (kalf

  1. mud, dirt

DeclensionEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • кал in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
  • кал in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)

ErzyaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Finnish kala.

NounEdit

кал (kal)

  1. fish

HyponymsEdit

MacedonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [kaɫ]
  • (file)

NounEdit

кал (kalm or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)

  1. mud

DeclensionEdit

(Masculine declension)

(Feminine declension)

Derived termsEdit

MokshaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uralic *kala[1].

PronunciationEdit

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NounEdit

кал (kal)

  1. fish
    • O. Je. Poljakov (1995) Učimsja govoritʹ po-mokšanski [Let's learn to speak Moksha], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
      ка/л, -лхт — рыба
      ka/l, -lht — riba
      fish [plural ending] — fish [in Russian]
    • O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
      Максода тейне кило́ кал / банка калонь консе́рва.
      Maksoda ťejńe kiló kal / banka kaloń konśérva.
      [Please] give me a kilo of fish / a can of canned fish.
      Аряда калонь кунда́ма!
      Aŕada kaloń kundáma!
      Let's go fishing (lit. "catching fish")!

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ kala in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN

RussianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (mud, swamp).

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

кал (kalm inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов)

  1. dung, excrement, feces, poo
    Synonyms: испражне́ния (ispražnénija), наво́з (navóz), помёт (pomjót), стул (stul), экскреме́нты (ekskreménty), фека́лии (fekálii)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, calorie).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [kɐˈɫorʲɪjə] (phonetic respelling: кало́рия)

NounEdit

кал (kalf inan (indeclinable)

  1. cal, calorie

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (dark), whence also Latin cālīgō (darkness, gloom) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, black).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

ка̑л m (Latin spelling kȃl)

  1. mud
    Synonyms: блато, муљ, каљуга

DeclensionEdit

UkrainianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (dirt).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

кал (kalm inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)

  1. excrement, feces, poo, dung
  2. (figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit
  3. (dated or dialectal) dirt, mud

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit