زبان
Baluchi edit
Noun edit
زبان • (zabán)
See also edit
- زوان (zawán)
Persian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (ŠNA) / [script needed] (ʾwzwʾn' /uzwān/) (Middle Persian 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʿzwʾn /izwān/)), from Proto-Iranian *hižwáH (compare Northern Kurdish ziman, Pashto ژبه (žəba), Avestan 𐬵𐬍𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hīzuuā)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā), Urdu جِیبھ (jībh) / Hindi जीभ (jībh)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (compare Old Prussian insuwis, Russian язы́к (jazýk), French langue, English tongue).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [za.ˈβɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zæ.bɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zä.bɔ́n]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zaḇān |
| Dari reading? | zabān, zubān |
| Iranian reading? | zabân |
| Tajik reading? | zabon |
Noun edit
| Dari | زبان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | забон |
زبان • (zabân, zobân) (plural زبان‌ها (zabân-hâ))
- tongue (body part)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 269:
- بَر زَبَان نَامِ حَقّ و دَر جَانِ او گَنْدهَا اَز فِکْرِ بی‌اِیمَانِ او
- bar zabān nām-i haqq u dar jān-i ō gand-hā az fikr-i bē-īmān-i ō
- On his tongue the name of God, and in his soul stenches from his infidel thought.
- language
- در زبان اردو، این کلمه به معنی « بزرگ » است.
- dar zabân-e ordu, in kalame be ma'ni-ye "bozorg" ast.
- In the Urdu language, this word means "big".
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 1206:
- اَی بَسَا هِنْدُو و تُرْکِ هَم زَبَان اَی بَسَا دُو تُرْک چون بیگَانَگَان
- ay basā hindū u turk-i ham zabān ay basā dū turk čōn bēgānagān
- Oh, many are the Indians and Turks that speak the same tongue; oh, many the pair of Turks that are as strangers [to each other].
- c. 1650, Čandra Bhān, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan]:
- بَرَهْمَن اَز لَبِ هِنْدِی نَژَادَان نُکْتَه می‌سَنْجَد زَبَانِ پَارْسِی و تُرْکِی و تَازِی نَمی‌دَانَد.
- barahman az lab-i hindī nažādān nukta mē-sanjad zabān-i pārsī u turkī u tāzī namē-dānad.
- [This] brahman weighs his subtle wits with lips of Hindi lineage; he knows not the Persian nor the Turkish nor the Arabic tongues.
- c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:
- وَ یَزْدَان بَهْرِ آبَاد نَامِه‌ای فِرِسْتَاد دَسَاتیرِ نَام کِه دَر او هَر دَانِش و هَمِه زَبَان بود.
- va yazdân bahr-e âbâd nâme-i ferestâd dasâtir-e nâm ke dar u har dâneš o hame zabân bud.
- And God sent for Ābād's sake a book, Dasātir by name, within which there is all knowledge and every language.
Derived terms edit
- زبان اشاره (zabân-e ešâre)
- زبان مادری (zabân-e mâdari)
- زبانی (zabâni)
- زبان‌شناسی (zabân-šenâsi)
- زبان‌شناس (zabân-šenâs)
Descendants edit
References edit
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “uzwān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian زبان (zabān, zubān), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hižwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.. Doublet of جِیبھ (jībh).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /zə.bɑːn/, /zʊ.bɑːn/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːn
- Hyphenation: ز‧بان
Noun edit
زَبان or زُبان • (zabān or zubān) f (Hindi spelling ज़बान or ज़ुबान)
Usage notes edit
Although zabān and zubān are both considered correct, some Urdu scholars are of the opinion that zabān merely refers to the body part, ie. tongue, whereas zubān refers to a language or speech, and sometimes vice versa, although there is no consensus for this. Shakespear, Platts, Fallon all attest both variants. Shams-ur-Rahman Farooqi, in his dictionary luġāt roz marra (pages 205-206), notes that the term زبان (/zbān/) is pronounced as zubān in Delhi and many of the Eastern [Indian Urdu] dialects, and in other parts zabān.
Declension edit
| Declension of زبان | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | زبان (zubān) | زبانیں (zubānẽ) |
| oblique | زبان (zubān) | زبانوں (zubānõ) |
| vocative | زبان (zubān) | زبانو (zubāno) |
Derived terms edit
- زبانی (zubānī, “verbally, orally; by memory”)
- مادری زبان (mādrī zubān, “mother tongue, native language”)
- زبانِ اشارہ (zubān-e-iśāra, “sign language”)
- اشاراتی زبان (iśārātī zubān, “sign language”)
- اشاروں کی زبان (iśārõ ki zubān, “sign language”)
Descendants edit
- → Phalura: zabaán
Further reading edit
- “زبان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “زبان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “زبان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “زبان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879), “زبان”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834), “زبان”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Yemeni Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Cognate to Egyptian Arabic زَمُكَّة (zamukka), زَلَمُكَّة (zalamukka, “fundament of a fowl”), Moroccan Arabic زك (zukk, “arse”), Ge'ez ዘባን (zäban, “back”), Tigre and Tigrinya ዝባን (zəban, “back”).
Noun edit
زَبَان (zabān)