गोल

Declension of गोल (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	गोल gol
direct plural	गोल gol
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	गोल gol	गोल gol
oblique सामान्यरूप	गोला golā	गोलां- golān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	गोलाला golālā	गोलांना golānnā
ergative	गोलाने, गोलानं golāne, golāna	गोलांनी golānnī
instrumental	गोलाशी golāśī	गोलांशी golānśī
locative सप्तमी	गोलात golāt	गोलांत golāt
vocative संबोधन	गोला golā	गोलांनो golānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of गोल (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	गोलाचा golāċā	गोलाचे golāċe	गोलाची golācī	गोलाच्या golācā	गोलाचे, गोलाचं golāċe, golāċa	गोलाची golācī	गोलाच्या golācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	गोलांचा golānċā	गोलांचे golānċe	गोलांची golāñcī	गोलांच्या golāncā	गोलांचे, गोलांचं golānċe, golānċa	गोलांची golāñcī	गोलांच्या golāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms edit

गोलाकार (golākār, “circular, spherical”)
गोलाकृती (golākŕtī, “circular”)
दंडगोल (daṇḍgol, “cylinder”)
पृथ्वीगोल (pŕthvīgol, “globe”)
भूगोल (bhūgol, “Geography”)
लंबगोल (lambgol, “ellipse”)

References edit

Berntsen, Maxine, “गोल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गोल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

গোল (Assamese script)
ᬕᭀᬮ (Balinese script)
গোল (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰺𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑁄𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ဂေါလ (Burmese script)
ગોલ (Gujarati script)
ਗੋਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑍋𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦺꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑂷𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಗೋಲ (Kannada script)
គោល (Khmer script)
ໂຄລ (Lao script)
ഗോല (Malayalam script)
ᡤᠣᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘻𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠺᠣᠸᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑧜𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑑀𑐮 (Newa script)
ଗୋଲ (Odia script)
ꢔꣂꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆾𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖺𑖩 (Siddham script)
ගොල (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩕𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚴𑚥 (Takri script)
கே³ால (Tamil script)
గోల (Telugu script)
โคล (Thai script)
གོ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒼𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨆𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel, bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend, curve; vault”). Supposed cognates would include Ancient Greek γυιός (guiós, “lame”), γῦρος (gûros, “ring, circle”) and Proto-Germanic *keulaz (“ship, vessel”). Has also been compared to Ancient Greek γαῦλος (gaûlos, “Phoenician merchant vessel”).

However, Mayrhofer considers derivations such as the above to be suspect and prefers to take this as a Dravidian borrowing, comparing with खोलक (kholaka, “helmet; pot; shell”) and गुड (guḍa, “ball”).

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐw.lɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡoː.l̪ɐ/

Noun edit

गोल • (gola) stem, m

a ball
a globe (as the celestial globe or as the globe of the sun or of the earth)
a hemisphere (of the earth)
yantra
Vangueria spinosa
myrrh
a widow's bastard
the conjunction of all the planets in one sign
name of a son of ākrīḍa

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of गोल (gola)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गोलः golaḥ	गोलौ / गोला¹ golau / golā¹	गोलाः / गोलासः¹ golāḥ / golāsaḥ¹
Vocative	गोल gola	गोलौ / गोला¹ golau / golā¹	गोलाः / गोलासः¹ golāḥ / golāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गोलम् golam	गोलौ / गोला¹ golau / golā¹	गोलान् golān
Instrumental	गोलेन golena	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलैः / गोलेभिः¹ golaiḥ / golebhiḥ¹
Dative	गोलाय golāya	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलेभ्यः golebhyaḥ
Ablative	गोलात् golāt	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलेभ्यः golebhyaḥ
Genitive	गोलस्य golasya	गोलयोः golayoḥ	गोलानाम् golānām
Locative	गोले gole	गोलयोः golayoḥ	गोलेषु goleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun edit

गोल • (gola) stem, n

a circle, sphere
Synonym: मण्डल (maṇḍala)
a large globular water-jar
red arsenic
a woman's female friend
name of durgā
name of a river (probably godāvarī)

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of गोल (gola)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गोलम् golam	गोले gole	गोलानि / गोला¹ golāni / golā¹
Vocative	गोल gola	गोले gole	गोलानि / गोला¹ golāni / golā¹
Accusative	गोलम् golam	गोले gole	गोलानि / गोला¹ golāni / golā¹
Instrumental	गोलेन golena	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलैः / गोलेभिः¹ golaiḥ / golebhiḥ¹
Dative	गोलाय golāya	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलेभ्यः golebhyaḥ
Ablative	गोलात् golāt	गोलाभ्याम् golābhyām	गोलेभ्यः golebhyaḥ
Genitive	गोलस्य golasya	गोलयोः golayoḥ	गोलानाम् golānām
Locative	गोले gole	गोलयोः golayoḥ	गोलेषु goleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “गोल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 368/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 165
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 349

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “393-98”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 393-98