जाति
Hindi
editEtymology
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Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editजाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی)
- birth
- caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
- high caste
- race
- (taxonomy) species
- tribe, nationality, lineage
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | जाति jāti |
जातियाँ jātiyā̃ |
oblique | जाति jāti |
जातियों jātiyõ |
vocative | जाति jāti |
जातियो jātiyo |
Derived terms
edit- जातिगत (jātigat)
- जातिवाद (jātivād)
- जाति ना पूछो साधु की; पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान (jāti nā pūcho sādhu kī; pūch lījie jñān)
Related terms
editNepali
editEtymology
editEtymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editजाति • (jāti)
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
Noun
editजाति f
- Devanagari script form of jāti
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- জাতি (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- জাতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဇာတိ (Burmese script)
- જાતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਜਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಾತಿ (Kannada script)
- ជាតិ (Khmer script)
- ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
- ജാതി (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଜାତି (Odia script)
- ꢙꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ජාති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஜாதி (Tamil script)
- జాతి (Telugu script)
- ชาติ (Thai script)
- ཛཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editEtymology tree
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁-ti-s ~ *ǵn̥h₁-téy-s (“birth, production; kind”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz (whence English kind). By surface analysis, from the root जन् (jan) + -ति (-ti).[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editजा॒ति • (jātí) stem, f
- birth, production
- rebirth
- the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
- position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
- kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
- the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
- the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
- reduction of fractions to a common denominator
- a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
- a particular figure of speech
- a class of metres
- a manner of singing
- fireplace
- mace, nutmeg
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | जातिः (jātíḥ) | जाती (jātī́) | जातयः (jātáyaḥ) |
accusative | जातिम् (jātím) | जाती (jātī́) | जातीः (jātī́ḥ) |
instrumental | जात्या (jātyā́) जाती¹ (jātī́¹) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभिः (jātíbhiḥ) |
dative | जातये (jātáye) जात्यै² (jātyaí²) जाती¹ (jātī́¹) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभ्यः (jātíbhyaḥ) |
ablative | जातेः (jātéḥ) जात्याः² (jātyā́ḥ²) जात्यै³ (jātyaí³) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभ्यः (jātíbhyaḥ) |
genitive | जातेः (jātéḥ) जात्याः² (jātyā́ḥ²) जात्यै³ (jātyaí³) |
जात्योः (jātyóḥ) | जातीनाम् (jātīnā́m) |
locative | जातौ (jātaú) जात्याम्² (jātyā́m²) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जात्योः (jātyóḥ) | जातिषु (jātíṣu) |
vocative | जाते (jā́te) | जाती (jā́tī) | जातयः (jā́tayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Borrowed terms
edit- Borrowed terms
- → English: jati
- → Gujarati: જાત (jāt), જાતિ (jāti)
- → Hindi: जाति (jāti)
- → Khmer: ជាតិ (ciət)
- → Lao: ຊາດ (sāt)
- → Malay: jadi, jati
- → Cebuano: yati
- → Tagalog: yari
- → Nepali: जाति (jāti)
- → Old Javanese: jāti, jati (see there for further descendants)
- → Tamil: சாதி (cāti), ஜாதி (jāti)
- → Telugu: జాతి (jāti)
- → Thai: ญาติ (yâat), ชาติ (châat)
References
edit- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “jātá-, (°)jāti-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 583
Further reading
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “जाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285
- Milena Hübschmannová (2002 February) “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database[2], Prague, archived from the original on 19 August 2021
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root जन्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi feminine nouns
- hi:Taxonomy
- Hindi feminine i-stem nouns
- hi:Taxonomic ranks
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from the Sanskrit root जन्
- Nepali terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
- Nepali terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali feminine nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root जन्
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -ति
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit feminine nouns
- Sanskrit i-stem nouns