वीर

See also: वीर्, विरा, वारि, and वर

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वीर (vīra). Doublet of बीर (bīr).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋiːɾ/
• Rhymes: -iːɾ

Adjective

वीर • (vīr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ویر)

1. heroic, brave

Noun

वीर • (vīr) m (Urdu spelling ویر)

1. hero, fighter, one who is brave

Declension

Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वीर vīr	वीर vīr
oblique	वीर vīr	वीरों vīrõ
vocative	वीर vīr	वीरो vīro

Derived terms

• महावीर (mahāvīr)
• शूरवीर (śūrvīr)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “वीर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “वीर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वीर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Kashmiri

Noun

वीर • (wīr) m (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

1. a hero

Noun

वीर • (wīr) f (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

1. white willow (Salix alba)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• vīra (Latin script)
• 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ৰীর (Bengali script)
• වීර (Sinhalese script)
• ဝီရ or ဝဳရ (Burmese script)
• วีร or วีระ (Thai script)
• ᩅᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ວີຣ or ວີຣະ (Lao script)
• វីរ (Khmer script)
• 𑅇𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

Adjective

वीर

1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Noun

वीर m

1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱীৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
• বীর (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဝီရ (Burmese script)
• વીર (Gujarati script)
• ਵੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ವೀರ (Kannada script)
• វីរ (Khmer script)
• ວີຣ (Lao script)
• വീര (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଵୀର (Odia script)
• ꢮꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
• වීර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
• வீர (Tamil script)
• వీర (Telugu script)
• วีร (Thai script)
• ཝཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir (“man”), Lithuanian výras, Old Irish fer, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old Norse verr, Old English wer (whence English wer).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋiː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋiː.ɾɐ/

Noun

वीर • (vīrá) stem, m

1. a man, especially a brave or eminent man, hero, chief
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.7.3:

     त्वद्विप्रो॑ जायते वा॒ज्य॑ग्ने॒ त्वद्वी॒रासो॑ अभिमाति॒षाह॑:।
     वैश्वा॑नर॒ त्वम॒स्मासु॑ धेहि॒ वसू॑नि राजन्त्स्पृह॒याय्या॑णि॥

     tvádvípro jāyate vājyàgne tvádvīrā́so abhimātiṣā́ha:.
     vaíśvānara tvámasmā́su dhehi vásūni rājantspṛhayā́yyāṇi.

     The offerer of (sacrificial) food becomes wise, Agni, from you heroes become the vanquishers of foes; therefore, do you, royal vaiśvānara, bestow upon us enviable riches.

2. husband
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
3. male child, son
4. the male of an animal
5. heroism

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वीर (vīrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	वीरः vīráḥ	वीरौ / वीरा¹ vīraú / vīrā́¹	वीराः / वीरासः¹ vīrā́ḥ / vīrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	वीर vī́ra	वीरौ / वीरा¹ vī́rau / vī́rā¹	वीराः / वीरासः¹ vī́rāḥ / vī́rāsaḥ¹
Accusative	वीरम् vīrám	वीरौ / वीरा¹ vīraú / vīrā́¹	वीरान् vīrā́n
Instrumental	वीरेण vīréṇa	वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām	वीरैः / वीरेभिः¹ vīraíḥ / vīrébhiḥ¹
Dative	वीराय vīrā́ya	वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām	वीरेभ्यः vīrébhyaḥ
Ablative	वीरात् vīrā́t	वीराभ्याम् vīrā́bhyām	वीरेभ्यः vīrébhyaḥ
Genitive	वीरस्य vīrásya	वीरयोः vīráyoḥ	वीराणाम् vīrā́ṇām
Locative	वीरे vīré	वीरयोः vīráyoḥ	वीरेषु vīréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• वीरभद्र (vīrabhadra)
• महावीर (mahāvīra)
• शूरवीर (śūravīra)

Adjective

वीर • (vīrá) stem

1. heroic, powerful, strong, excellent, eminent

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: वीर (vīr)
• → Indonesian: wira
• → Javanese: wira
• → Kannada: ವೀರ (vīra)
• → Malay: wira
• → Malayalam: വീരം (vīraṁ)
• → Marathi: वीर (vīr)
• → Tamil: வீரம் (vīram), வீரன் (vīraṉ)
• → Telugu: వీర (vīra), వీరము (vīramu) వీరుడు (vīruḍu)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (heriu, “husband”)
  • Kalami: [script needed] (bīr, “he-goat”)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”), [script needed] (birãe, “male”)
  • Kashmiri: ویٖر (vīr, “brave man”)
  • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (wīr, “man”)
  • Phalura: [script needed] (bhīrɔ̄, “male”), [script needed] (bhīro, “he-goat”)
  • Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
  • Tirahi: [script needed] (bir, “male”)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ވީރު (vīru, “man”)
  • Sinhalese: විරු (wiru, “man”)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Assamese: বিরা (bira, “evil spirit”)
  • Bengali: বীর (bir, “hero”)
  • Maithili: बिर (bīr, “hero”)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Marathi: वीर (vīr, “hero”)
• Pali: vīra
  • Pali: vīra
    • Burmese: ဝီရ (wira.)
    • Khmer: វីរ (viirĕəʼ)
    • Lao: ວີລະ (wī la)
    • Thai: วีร (wii-rá-), พิร
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Gujarati: વીર (vīr), વીરૉ (vīrŏ, “brother (from a sister)”)
  • Hindi: बीर (bīr, “warrior”)
  • Kumaoni: बीर (bīr, “hero”)
  • Nepali: बिर (bira, “wild boar”)
  • Punjabi: ਵੀਰ (vīr, “hero”), ਬੀਰ (bīr, “brother (from a sister)”)
  • Sindhi: वीरु (vīru, “hero, demon”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1005/2-3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 569-70
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vīrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press