判官

Chinese

		to judge; to sentence; to discriminate to judge; to sentence; to discriminate; to discern	official; government; organ of body
simp. and trad. (判官)		判	官

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pànguān

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pun³ gun¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'pong³ guon¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phan-kôn
Jin (Wiktionary): pan³ guan¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵phoe-kuoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pànguān
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pànguan
  - Wade–Giles: pʻan⁴-kuan¹
  - Yale: pàn-gwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pannguan
  - Palladius: паньгуань (panʹguanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pun³ gun¹
  - Yale: pun gūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pun³ gun¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: pun³ gun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn³³ kuːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'pong³ guon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpʰɔŋ²¹³⁻¹³ kuɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan-kôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: pan gon´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pan⁴ gon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵ kon²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: pan³ guan¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxæ̃⁴⁵ kuæ̃¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phuànn-kuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvoarkvoaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵phoe-kuoe
  - MiniDict: phoe^去 kuoe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phoe-kuoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰø³³ kuø⁴⁴/

Noun

判官

(historical) magistrate (clarification of this definition is needed)
(regional) judge
(Chinese mythology) official who assists Yama in the underworld

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
判	官
はん Grade: 5	かん > がん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Literary Chinese 判官 (pànguān).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はんがん [háꜜǹgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [hã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

判(はん)官(がん) • (hangan)

(historical, in feudal China, government, law) a judge or magistrate
(uncommon, government, law) Synonym of 裁判官 (saibankan, “judge; justice”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
判	官
はん > ほう Grade: 5	かん > がん Grade: 4
irregular	on’yomi

はんがん → はうがん → ほうがん

Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a 尉 (jō, see 判官 (jō)) at a 検非違使 (Kebiishi, “Judicial Department”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーがん [hóꜜògàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːɡã̠ɴ]

判(ほう)官(がん) • (hōgan)

Synonym of 判官 (jō)

Proper noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (Hōgan)

Synonym of 源義経 (Minamoto no Yoshitsune)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
判	官
ぞう
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
判	官
じょう
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

From the on-reading of 丞 (jō, literally “help; assistant”), one of the many department/agency-specific spellings of 判官 itself, in this case specific to a 省 (shō, “ministry”). The alternative reading, ぞう, is a result of depalatalization which is not uncommon.

じょう → ぞう

Alternative forms

祐 (神祇官 (Jingikan, “Department of Gods”))
丞 (省 (shō, “ministries”))
進 (職 (shiki))
允 (寮 (ryō))
佑 (司 (shi))
尉 (兵衛府 (Hyōefu) and 衛門府 (Emonfu))
掾 (国司 (kokushi, “governor's offices”))

Noun

判官(じょう) or 判官(ぞう) • (jō or zō)

(historical, government) the third rank among the 四等官 (Shitōkan, “Four Ranks”), a system ranking and entitling officials under the 律令 (Ritsuryō); this is the most generic spelling; for each department and agency, a specific spelling and alternative readings of that spelling might be preferred
Coordinate terms: 長官 (kami), 主典 (sakan), 次官 (suke)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
判	官
まつりごとびと
Grade: 5	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
政人

政 (matsurigoto, “governance”) +‎ 人 (-bito, “person”). The hito reading for 人 changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

判官(まつりごとびと) • (matsurigotobito)

Synonym of 判官 (jō)