大辟

Chinese

Etymology 1

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	law; king; emperor law; king; emperor; monarch; royal; ward off
simp. and trad. (大辟)		大	辟

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàpì

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ pik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàpì
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàpì
    • Wade–Giles: ta⁴-pʻi⁴
    • Yale: dà-pì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahpih
    • Palladius: дапи (dapi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ pik¹
    • Yale: daaih pīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ pik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ pig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² pʰɪk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dajH|daH phjiek

Rime
Character	大	大	辟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	3/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	唐佐切	芳辟切
Baxter	dajH	daH	phjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pʰiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pʰiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pʰiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/daH/	/pʰiajk̚/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pʰiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/pʰĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/dʱɑH/	/pʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	duò	pi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	do6	pik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːds  pʰeɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	大	大
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dà	dà
Middle Chinese	‹ daH ›	‹ dajH ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁat-s/ (MC F!)	/*lˁa[t]-s/
English	big	big
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	大	大	辟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	2/3
No.	1934	1939	682
Phonetic component	大	大	辟
Rime group	祭	祭	錫
Rime subdivision	1	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	䭾	大	僻
Old Chinese	/*daːds/	/*daːds/	/*pʰeɡ/

Noun

大辟

1. (historical) capital punishment; decapitation (one of the Five Punishments in feudal China)

   • 其死罪，則曰「某之罪在大辟」；其刑罪，則曰「某之罪在小辟」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其死罪，则曰「某之罪在大辟」；其刑罪，则曰「某之罪在小辟」。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Qí sǐzuì, zé yuē “mǒu zhī zuì zài dàpì”; qí xíngzuì, zé yuē “mǒu zhī zuì zài xiǎopì”. [Pinyin]

     If the penalty were death, he would say, “The offence of So and So is a capital crime.” If the penalty were less, he would say, “The offence of So and So has received a lighter sentence.”

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 死刑 (“capital punishment”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		死刑, 極刑, 大辟
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		死刑, 極刑
Mandarin	Beijing	死刑
	Taiwan	死刑
	Tianjin	死刑
	Chengde	死刑
	Tangshan	死刑
	Cangzhou	死刑
	Baoding	死刑
	Shijiazhuang	死刑
	Chifeng	死刑
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	死刑
	Heihe	死刑
	Qiqihar	死刑
	Harbin	死刑
	Jiamusi	死刑
	Baicheng	死刑
	Changchun	死刑
	Tonghua	死刑
	Shenyang	死刑
	Dandong	死刑
	Jinzhou	死刑
	Dalian	死刑
	Yantai	死刑
	Yantai (Muping)	死刑
	Qingdao	死刑
	Lijin	死刑
	Zhucheng	死刑
	Jinan	死刑
	Jining	死刑
	Shangqiu	死刑
	Yuanyang	死刑
	Zhengzhou	死刑
	Lingbao	死刑
	Xinyang	死刑
	Baihe	死刑
	Hanzhong	死刑
	Xi'an	死刑
	Baoji	死刑
	Yinchuan	死刑
	Tianshui	死刑
	Lanzhou	死刑
	Dunhuang	死刑
	Xining	死刑
	Hami	死刑
	Ürümqi	死刑
	Wuhan	死刑
	Yichang	死刑
	Xiangyang	死刑
	Tianmen	死刑
	Hong'an	死刑
	Chengdu	死刑
	Nanchong	死刑
	Dazhou	死刑
	Hanyuan	死刑
	Xichang	死刑
	Zigong	死刑
	Chongqing	死刑
	Guiyang	死刑
	Zunyi	死刑
	Bijie	死刑
	Liping	死刑
	Zhaotong	死刑
	Dali	死刑
	Kunming	死刑
	Mengzi	死刑
Guilin	死刑
Liuzhou	死刑
Jishou	死刑
Changde	死刑
Anqing	死刑
Xuzhou	死刑
Fuyang	死刑
Wuhu	死刑
Yangzhou	死刑
Lianyungang	死刑
Lianshui	死刑
Nanjing	死刑
Hefei	死刑
Nantong	死刑
Singapore	死刑
Huizhou	Shexian	死刑
Jin	Taiyuan	死刑, 殺刮
	Pingyao	死刑
	Yangyuan	死刑
	Datong	死刑
	Xinzhou	死刑
	Lishi	死刑
	Linfen	死刑
	Changzhi	死刑
	Linhe	死刑
	Jining	死刑
	Hohhot	死刑
	Erenhot	死刑
	Pingshan	死刑
	Zhangjiakou	死刑
	Handan	死刑
	Linzhou	死刑
	Suide	死刑

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 大辟 – see 大闢 (“David”). (This term is the simplified form of 大闢).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.