某
See also: 柑
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Translingual
editHan character
edit某 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一木 (TMD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱甘木)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14618
- Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1177, character 4
- Unihan data for U+67D0
Chinese
editGlyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 某 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 甘 (“sweet”); original form of 梅 (OC *mɯː).
Etymology 1
edit| trad. | 某 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 某 | |
| alternative forms | 𣐥 厶 (in 仏) | |
Possibly Austroasiatic; compare Mon မူ (“what; anything”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong3
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mau5
- Gan (Wiktionary): meu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mu1
- Northern Min (KCR): mě
- Eastern Min (BUC): mū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6meu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
- Wade–Giles: mou3
- Yale: mǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
- Palladius: моу (mou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /moʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mong3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
- Sinological IPA (key): /moŋ⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mau5
- Yale: máuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mau5
- Guangdong Romanization: meo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: meu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mêu
- Hakka Romanization System: meuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: meu1
- Sinological IPA: /meu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mu1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mě
- Sinological IPA (key): /me²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mū
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /məu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 某 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mou²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /mu²¹³/ /mau²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /mou¹³/ /mu¹³/ 舊 | |
| Jinan | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /mv̩⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mu⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /məu⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /moŋ⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /moŋ⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /məu⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /məi²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /mʊ²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /mɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /mɤ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /mu³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɔ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /mo³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /məu⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /məɯ⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɛu²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /meu⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /meu²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐu²³/ |
| Nanning | /mɐu²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mɐu¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bɔ⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mu³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /me²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /mõu⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /mɔu²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: muwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/
Definitions
edit某
- unspecified or not explicitly named (amount, person, or thing); some; a certain; so-and-so
- (humble, by itself) I
- 孔明曰：「將軍既要為先鋒，須得一人同去。」言未盡，一人應曰：「某雖不才，願助老將軍先引一軍前去破敵。」孔明視之，乃鄧芝也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Kǒngmíng yuē: “Jiāngjūn jì yào wèi xiānfēng, xū dé yīrén tóngqù.” Yán wèi jìn, yīrén yìng yuē: “Mǒu suī bùcái, yuàn zhù lǎo jiāngjūn xiānyǐn yījūn qiánqù pòdí.” Kǒngmíng shì zhī, nǎi Dèng Zhī yě. [Pinyin]
- Kongming said: "General (Zhao Yun), as ye want to act as vanguard, ye must have someone to go besides you." Before he finished talking, someone responded: "Talentless as I am, still I'm willing to help the elderly general lead an army forwards to smash the enemies." Kongming saw that it was Deng Zhi.
孔明曰：「将军既要为先锋，须得一人同去。」言未尽，一人应曰：「某虽不才，愿助老将军先引一军前去破敌。」孔明视之，乃邓芝也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- Used in place of a person's given name, for anonymity purposes.
- Used in place of someone else's given name, to show dissatisfaction.
- 夫為弟子後生，其師，必修其言，法其行，力不足、知弗及而後已。今孔某之行如此，儒士則可以疑矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
- Fū wéi dìzǐ hòushēng, qí shī, bì xiū qí yán, fǎ qí xíng, lì bùzú, zhì fú jí ér hòu yǐ. Jīn Kǒng mǒu zhī xíng rúcǐ, rúshì zé kěyǐ yí yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Of course the disciples and pupils, following a teacher, will advocate his doctrines and imitate his conduct. Only, they are not as powerful and not as clever. Now, since such was the conduct of Kong Such-and-Such (Confucius), the Ruist (Confucian) scholars are naturally to be objects of suspicion.
夫为弟子后生，其师，必修其言，法其行，力不足、知弗及而后已。今孔某之行如此，儒士则可以疑矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used in place of one's own given name, to refer to oneself with an intensified emotion.
Compounds
editEtymology 2
edit| trad. | 某 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 某 | |
| alternative forms | 姥 媒 厶 妻 | |
Tu (2018) suggests it is from 姥 (MC muX), which was ultimately derived from 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”). The usage of 姥 (“old woman”) to refer to "wife" parallels that of 翁 (“old man”) to refer to "husband" in Min Nan.
Cognate with Teochew 𡚸 (bhou2), Eastern Min 𡚸 (muō).
Pronunciation
edit- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘
Definitions
edit某
Synonyms
editCompounds
editEtymology 3
edit| For pronunciation and definitions of 某 – see 梅. (This character is a variant form of 梅). |
References
edit- “某”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit某
- a certain person; a certain object
Readings
editFrom Middle Chinese 某 (MC muwX); compare Mandarin 某 (mǒu):
From Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj); compare Mandarin 梅 (méi):
From native Japanese roots:
Etymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| ぼう Grade: S |
| kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 某 (MC muwX).
Prefix
edit- certain (denoting that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent)
- 某大学
- bō-daigaku
- a certain university
- 某大学
Noun
editPronoun
editEtymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| それがし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronoun
edit- (obsolete) someone; somebody; a certain person
- (obsolete, used by samurai) I; me
- 1632, Diego Collado, Niffon no Cotõbani Yô Confesion, page 4:
- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
(Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
(Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.) - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
Etymology 3
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| なにがし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 某 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 某, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
editHanja
edit某 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))
- hanja form? of 매 (“Prunus mume tree”)
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit某: Hán Việt readings: mỗ[1][2][3]
某: Nôm readings: mỗ[1][2], mới[1][3], mấy[1][3], mõ[1], mọ[1], mỏ[1], mổ[1], múa[1], mỏi[1], màu[1], mó[2], mồi[3], với[3]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
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