See also:
U+8F9F, 辟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9F

[U+8F9E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8FA0]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 160, +6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口卜廿十 (SRYTJ), four-corner 70641, composition 𡰪)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38642
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4037, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8F9F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms (to avoid-Hokkien)

Glyph origin edit

In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (kneeling person) + (sickle-like tool) – to administer; to regulate; to punish.

was sometimes added, though its function is disputed:

  • Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”.
  • Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that is the early form of , with as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that acted as a phonetic component in instead.
  • Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning.

was later corrupted into or . Shuowen interprets as representing the enforcer of the law.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where is corrupted to begin to appear (Chi, 2010).

Officially adopted as the simplified form of in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (漢字簡化方案) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • phiah - vernacular (“to avoid”);
  • pek/piak, phek/phiak - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (3)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/biᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/biɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/biæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/biajk̚/
Li
Rong
/biɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/bĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ bek › ‹ bjiek › ‹ pjiek ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]ˁek/ /*[N]-pek/ /*pek/
English inner coffin law, rule; lawful ruler, prince

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 3/3
No. 675 684
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*peɡ/ /*beɡ/
Definitions edit

  1. (literary) monarch; sovereign
  2. (literary) government official; minister
  3. (literary) to rule; to govern
  4. (literary) crime
  5. to summon; to appoint to an official position
  6. to remove; to drive out
  7. (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge
    alt. forms: ()
  8. (literary) lame in the leg
    alt. forms: ()
Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
Harbin /pʰi²¹³/
Tianjin /pʰi⁵³/
Jinan /pi²¹/
Qingdao /pʰi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pʰi²⁴/
/pi³¹²/
Xi'an /pʰi⁵³/
Xining /pʰji⁵³/
Yinchuan /pʰi⁵³/
Lanzhou /pʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
Wuhan /pʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰi³¹/
/pʰie³¹/
Guiyang /pʰi²¹/
Kunming /pʰi³¹/
Nanjing /piʔ⁵/
Hefei /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /piəʔ²/
Pingyao /pʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /pʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /pʰiɪʔ⁵/
/piɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /pʰiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /pʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /pi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pʰi²⁴/
Xiangtan /pʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /pʰit̚¹/
Taoyuan /pʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰek̚⁵/
Nanning /pʰek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pʰek̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pik̚³²/
/pʰik̚³²/ 復~
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /pʰek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fek̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (2)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter phjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pʰiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʰiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/pʰiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pʰiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/pʰiɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/pʰĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
pi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
pik1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 682
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pʰeɡ/
Definitions edit

  1. (literary) law; (specifically) penal code
  2. to open
    alt. forms: ()
  3. to open up
    alt. forms: ()
  4. (literary) to make an analogy
    alt. forms: ()
  5. (literary) to thump one's chest
    alt. forms: ()
  6. (literary) to show bias; to be partial
  7. (literary) remote
    alt. forms:
  8. (literary) eccentric; perverted
    alt. forms:
  9. (literary) a tool for catching animals
    alt. forms: ()
Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to open; to settle; to develop; to open up”).
(This character is the simplified form of ).
Notes:

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to stop; to put an end to; to remove; bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 4 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to avoid; to evade; unorthodox; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
Notes:

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul , , , , , revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: vếch, tích, bích, thịch, tịch, phích, thí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.