孟子

Chinese

		first month; eldest brother; surname	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
simp. and trad. (孟子)		孟	子

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Mèngzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maang⁶ zi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Men-chṳ́
• Eastern Min (BUC): Mâing-cṳ̄
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bēng-chú

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Mèngzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Mèngzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: Mêng⁴-tzŭ³
    • Yale: Mèng-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Menqtzyy
    • Palladius: Мэнцзы (Mɛnczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maang⁶ zi²
    • Yale: maahng jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Men-chṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: men zii^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴ zi³
    • Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Mâing-cṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒy³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-chú
    • Tâi-lô: Bīng-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bexngzuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: maengH tsiX

Rime
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	莫更切	即里切
Baxter	maengH	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋH/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋH/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋH/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋH/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/mɐŋH/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/mɐŋH/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɐŋH/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang6	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs  ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèng	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ mængH ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraŋ-s/	/*tsəʔ/
English	eldest, great	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孟	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9152	17857
Phonetic component	皿	子
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	孟	子
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋs/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Proper noun

孟子

1. Mencius (a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal thinkers of Confucianism)

   • 我欲中國而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     我欲中国而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì. [Pinyin]

     I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.

2. Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孟子):

• → Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
• → Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
• → Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)

• → Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)
  • Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)
• → English: Mengzi
• → Latin: Mencius
  • → English: Mencius
    • → Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)
• → Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)
• → Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
孟	子
もう Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
goon

Etymology

From Chinese 孟子 (Mèngzǐ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mo̞ːɕi]

Proper noun

孟(もう)子(し) • (Mōshi) ^{←まうし (Mausi)?}

1. Mencius (Chinese philosopher)
2. Mencius (one of the Four Books)

See also

• 四(し)書(しょ) (Shisho)
• 諸(しょ)子(し)百(ひゃっ)家(か) (Shoshi Hyakka)

Korean

Hanja in this term
孟	子

Proper noun

孟子 • (Maengja) (hangeul 맹자)

1. hanja form^? of 맹자 (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”)
2. hanja form^? of 맹자 (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孟	子

Proper noun

孟子

1. chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”).
2. chữ Hán form of Mạnh Tử (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”).