年紀

See also: 年纪

Chinese edit

	year	discipline; age; era discipline; age; era; period; order; record
trad. (年紀)	年	紀
simp. (年纪)	年	纪
anagram	紀年／纪年

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): niánjì

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nin⁴ gei²
Gan (Wiktionary): nyien⁴ ji
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngièn-ki / ngiàn-ki

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngian² gi³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nî-kí

(Teochew, Peng'im): ni⁵ gi²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gni-ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niánjì → niánji (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ → ㄋㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niánji̊
  - Wade–Giles: nien²-chi⁵
  - Yale: nyán-ji
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nian.jih
  - Palladius: няньцзи (njanʹczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/ → /ni̯ɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i³/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    年紀／年纪
    年際／年际
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nin⁴ gei²
  - Yale: nìhn géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nin⁴ gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: nin⁴ géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːn²¹ kei̯³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyien⁴ ji
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn-ki
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ gi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² gi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹ ki⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn-ki
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ gi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngian² gi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹ ki⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngian² gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋian¹¹ ki³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî-kí
  - Tâi-lô: nî-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ni'kie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ¹³⁻²² ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³⁻³³ ki⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ni⁵ gi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nî kí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni-ci
  - MiniDict: nyi^去 ci
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi-ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: nen kiX

Rime
Character	年	紀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	奴顚切	居里切
Baxter	nen	kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nen/	/kɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/nen/	/kɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛn/	/kie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛn/	/kɨ^X/
Li Rong	/nen/	/kiə^X/
Wang Li	/nien/	/kĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/nien/	/ki^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nián	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nin⁴	gei²

Noun edit

年紀

age (of a person)
年紀很大／年纪很大 ― niánjì hěn dà ― very old

年紀輕輕／年纪轻轻 ― niánjì qīng qīng ― ... (despite being) at such a young age

他的年紀已經不小了。 [MSC, trad.]
他的年纪已经不小了。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā de niánjì yǐjīng bù xiǎo le. [Pinyin]
He's not a young person anymore.
(archaic) number of years; year count
(archaic) time (in general)

Usage notes edit

年齡／年龄 (niánlíng) and 年紀／年纪 (niánjì) are different in that the former can refer to the age of a person, plant or heavenly body, while the latter can only refer to the age of a person.

Synonyms edit

(age):

年事 (niánshì)
年歲／年岁 (niánsuì)
年齒／年齿 (niánchǐ) (literary, of a person, in years)
年齡／年龄 (niánlíng)
歲子／岁子 (Hokkien)
歲數／岁数 (suìshu)
歲聲／岁声 (Hokkien, Teochew)
歲頭／岁头 (Hokkien)
齒髮／齿发 (chǐfà) (literary, humble)

(number of years): 積年／积年 (jīnián), 年代 (niándài), 年數／年数 (niánshù)
(time): 年數／年数 (niánshù), 年代 (niándài), 時候／时候 (shíhou), 時間／时间 (shíjiān), (Hokkien, Teochew) 時陣／时阵 (sî-chūn), (Wu) 辰光 (zen kuaan (T3))

Derived terms edit

References edit

“Entry #2347”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.