Wiktionary

輕

See also: 轻 and 軽
輕 U+8F15, 輕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F15
← 輔
[U+8F14] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 輖 →
[U+8F16]

Translingual edit

Traditional 輕
Shinjitai 軽
Simplified 轻

Han character edit

輕 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十十一女一 (JJMVM), four-corner 51011, composition ⿰車巠)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1244, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38346
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1720, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3534, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8F15

Chinese edit

trad. 輕
simp. 轻
alternative forms 軽
䡖

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 輕
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
葝 *ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ
頸 *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ
勁 *kɯns, *keŋs
鑋 *kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs
輕 *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs
涇 *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ
經 *keːŋ, *keːŋs
鵛 *keːŋ
巠 *keːŋ
剄 *keːŋʔ
烴 *keːŋʔ
徑 *keːŋs
逕 *keːŋs
桱 *keːŋs
蛵 *qʰeːŋ
陘 *ɡeːŋ
鋞 *ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ
脛 *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs
踁 *ɡeːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Explanation of semantic component: light carriage.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-jaːŋ (“light (weight); lightweight”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཡང་མོ (yang mo, “light”), Jingpho tsang (tsa̱ŋ³³, “light (of weight)”), Mizo zâng (“light”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • heng1 - vernacular;
  • hing1 - literary.
Note:
  • hiang1 - vernacular;
  • hen1 - literary.
Note:
  • khiâng/kiang1 - vernacular;
  • khîn/kin1 - literary.
Note:
  • khin - vernacular;
  • kheng - literary;
  • khiaⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 輕薄／轻薄 (“physically weak”)).
Note:
  • king1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • kêng1 - Jieyang, Pontianak.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 輕
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁴²/
/t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ ～鬆
Hakka Meixian /kʰin⁴⁴/ ～視
/kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/ 重～
Taoyuan /kʰin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /heŋ⁵³/
/hɛŋ⁵³/
Nanning /hɛŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiŋ⁵⁵/
/kʰin⁵⁵/
/kʰiã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰiaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰiŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xin²³/
Rime
Character 輕 輕
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 清 (121) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 去盈切 墟正切
Baxter khjieng khjiengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰiᴇŋ/ /kʰiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiɛŋ/ /kʰiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiæŋ/ /kʰiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰiajŋ/ /kʰiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiɛŋ/ /kʰiɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭɛŋ/ /kʰĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ɛŋ/ /kʰi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qīng qìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hing1 hing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 輕
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjieng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]eŋ/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)
English light (≠ heavy)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 輕 輕
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6792 6793
Phonetic
component 		巠 巠
Rime
group 		耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		輕 輕
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeŋ/ /*kʰeŋs/

Definitions edit

輕

  1. light (of low weight)
    Antonym: 重
  2. small; little; slight; minor; insignificant
  3. lightweight; portable; convenient to carry or manoeuvre
  4. rash; rattlebrained
  5. † frivolous; skittish; giddy
  6. easy; simple; relaxed
  7. humble; meagre; inexpensive
  8. gentle; light; soft
  9. † to belittle; to make light of
  10. † to lighten; to reduce
  11. † to forgive; to pardon
  12. † light carriage
    駕輕就熟／驾轻就熟  ―  jiàqīngjiùshú  ―  a walk in the park; a piece of cake (literally, "to drive a light carriage on a familiar route")
  13. Short for 輕工業／轻工业 (qīnggōngyè, “light industry”).
  14. (obsolete, chemistry) Alternative name for 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”).

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

軽

Kyūjitai

輕

Kanji edit

輕

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 軽)

  1. light
  2. easy
  3. simple
  4. gentle

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

輕 (eumhun 가벼울 경 (gabyeoul gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“light”).
  2. Hanja form? of 경 (“easy, simple”).
  3. Hanja form? of 경 (“gentle”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

輕: Hán Nôm readings: khinh, khỉnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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