慷

慷 U+6177, 慷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6177 ← 慶 [U+6176] CJK Unified Ideographs 慸 → [U+6178]

Translingual

Han character

慷 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈中水 (PILE), four-corner 9003₂, composition ⿰忄康)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 400, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11146
• Dae Jaweon: page 740, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2347, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6177

Chinese

trad.		慷
simp. #		慷
2nd round simp.		忼
alternative forms		忼 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong² / kong² / hong¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khóng / không
• Eastern Min (BUC): kōng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
    • Yale: kāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hong² / kong² / hong¹
    • Yale: hóng / kóng / hōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong² / kong² / hong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong² / kong² / hong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ³⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ³⁵/, /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / không
    • Hakka Romanization System: kong` / kong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kong³ / kong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
    • Tâi-lô: khóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹khaon
    • MiniDict: khaon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khangX

Rime
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦朗切
Baxter	khangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋX/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋX/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
No.	3987
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	慷
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Definitions

慷

1. Used in compounds.

Compounds

• 悲歌慷慨
• 慨慷 (kǎikāng)
• 慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)
• 慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
• 慷慨仗義／慷慨仗义
• 慷慨悲歌
• 慷慨捐生
• 慷慨擔承／慷慨担承
• 慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
• 慷慨激烈
• 慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
• 慷慨赴義／慷慨赴义
• 慷慨陳詞／慷慨陈词
• 慷愾／慷忾
• 激昂慷慨

 

References

• “慷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

慷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. generous; magnanimous

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: いきどおる (ikidōru)

Korean

Hanja

慷 (eum 강 (gang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慷: Hán Nôm readings: khảng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.